Ehrlichia muris
| Ehrlichia muris | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Kingdom: | Pseudomonadati |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Alphaproteobacteria |
| Subclass: | "Rickettsidae" |
| Order: | Rickettsiales |
| Family: | Ehrlichiaceae |
| Genus: | Ehrlichia |
| Species: | E. muris
|
| Binomial name | |
| Ehrlichia muris Wen et al. 1995
| |
Ehrlichia muris, also Ehrlichia muris eauclairensis, is a species of pathogenic[1] bacteria first isolated from mice, with type strain AS145T.[2] Its genome has been sequenced.[3]
Taxonomy and nomenclature
Ehrlichia muris was first described in 1995 on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence data and serological, morphological, and biological characteristics from strain AS145T, which had been isolated from a wild mouse in Japan.[4] A closely related organism later identified as a cause of human ehrlichiosis in the upper Midwestern United States was initially referred to as the "Ehrlichia muris-like agent". In 2017, this taxon was formally classified as Ehrlichia muris subsp. eauclairensis, while the original type strain was reclassified as Ehrlichia muris subsp. muris.[5]
Genome
The complete genome sequence of Ehrlichia muris strain AS145T has been published. The strain was originally isolated from a wild mouse in Japan in 1983 and is widely used as a laboratory model of monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in mice.[6]
Transmission and hosts
Ehrlichia muris was originally isolated from a wild mouse in Japan, supporting a rodent-associated enzootic cycle.[7] In the United States, the closely related subspecies E. muris subsp. eauclairensis has been detected in Ixodes scapularis ticks and in small mammals including Peromyscus leucopus, suggesting that blacklegged ticks and small mammal hosts contribute to its natural transmission cycle.[8][9]
Human disease
Human ehrlichiosis associated with Ehrlichia muris has been reported in the United States from infections caused by Ehrlichia muris subsp. eauclairensis, formerly known as the Ehrlichia muris-like agent. Reported cases have been concentrated in Wisconsin and Minnesota, and in travelers to those states.[10][11] Clinical manifestations are similar to those of other ehrlichioses and may include fever, headache, malaise, myalgia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated hepatic transaminase levels.[12]
Treatment
As with other ehrlichioses, doxycycline is the treatment of choice for suspected infection and should be started as soon as ehrlichiosis is suspected rather than delayed pending laboratory confirmation.[13][14]
Use as a laboratory model
Ehrlichia muris strain AS145T is widely used as an experimental model for monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in mice because it establishes persistent infection in laboratory mice and can be used to study host immunity and pathogenesis.[15]
References
- ^ Feng, H.-M.; Walker, D. H. (2004). "Mechanisms of Immunity to Ehrlichia muris: a Model of Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis". Infection and Immunity. 72 (2): 966–971. doi:10.1128/IAI.72.2.966-971.2004. ISSN 0019-9567. PMC 321622. PMID 14742542.
- ^ Wen, B.; Rikihisa, Y.; Mott, J.; Fuerst, P. A.; Kawahara, M.; Suto, C. (1995). "Ehrlichia muris sp. nov., Identified on the Basis of 16S rRNA Base Sequences and Serological, Morphological, and Biological Characteristics". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 45 (2): 250–254. doi:10.1099/00207713-45-2-250. ISSN 0020-7713. PMID 7537059.
- ^ Thirumalapura, N. R.; Qin, X.; Kuriakose, J. A.; Walker, D. H. (2014). "Complete Genome Sequence of Ehrlichia muris Strain AS145T, a Model Monocytotropic Ehrlichia Strain". Genome Announcements. 2 (1): e01234-13–e01234-13. doi:10.1128/genomeA.01234-13. ISSN 2169-8287. PMC 3907729. PMID 24482514.
- ^ Wen, Bin; Rikihisa, Yasuko; Mott, Jill; Fuerst, Paul A.; Kawahara, Masahito; Suto, Chikako; Shibata, Shinji; Futohashi, Masami (1995). "Ehrlichia muris sp. nov., identified on the basis of 16S rRNA base sequences and serological, morphological, and biological characteristics". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 45 (2): 250–254. doi:10.1099/00207713-45-2-250. PMID 7537059.
- ^ Pritt, Bobbi S.; Sloan, Lisa M.; Johnson, Derrick K.; Munderloh, Ulrike G.; Paskewitz, Susan M.; McElroy, Karen M.; McFadden, Jason D.; Binnicker, Matthew J.; Neitzel, David F.; Liu, Gang; Nicholson, William L. (2017). "Proposal to reclassify Ehrlichia muris as Ehrlichia muris subsp. muris subsp. nov. and description of Ehrlichia muris subsp. eauclairensis subsp. nov., a newly recognized tick-borne pathogen of humans". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 67 (7): 2121–2126. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001901. PMID 28699575.
- ^ Thirumalapura, Nagaraja R.; Qin, Xiang; Kuriakose, Jeeba A.; Walker, David H. (2014). "Complete genome sequence of Ehrlichia muris strain AS145T, a model monocytotropic Ehrlichia strain". Genome Announcements. 2 (1): e01234-13. doi:10.1128/genomeA.01234-13. PMC 3907729. PMID 24482514.
- ^ Wen, Bin; Rikihisa, Yasuko; Mott, Jill; Fuerst, Paul A.; Kawahara, Masahito; Suto, Chikako; Shibata, Shinji; Futohashi, Masami (1995). "Ehrlichia muris sp. nov., identified on the basis of 16S rRNA base sequences and serological, morphological, and biological characteristics". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 45 (2): 250–254. doi:10.1099/00207713-45-2-250. PMID 7537059.
- ^ Pritt, Bobbi S.; Sloan, Lisa M.; Johnson, Derrick K.; Munderloh, Ulrike G.; Paskewitz, Susan M.; McElroy, Karen M.; McFadden, Jason D.; Binnicker, Matthew J.; Neitzel, David F.; Liu, Gang; Nicholson, William L. (2017). "Proposal to reclassify Ehrlichia muris as Ehrlichia muris subsp. muris subsp. nov. and description of Ehrlichia muris subsp. eauclairensis subsp. nov., a newly recognized tick-borne pathogen of humans". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 67 (7): 2121–2126. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001901. PMID 28699575.
- ^ Lynn, George E.; Nadon, Karen; Vannier, Erik; Dumler, J. Stephen; Krause, Peter J. (2017). "Experimental evaluation of Peromyscus leucopus as a reservoir host of the Ehrlichia muris-like agent". Parasites & Vectors. 10: 48. doi:10.1186/s13071-017-1993-z. PMC 5273795. PMID 28166752.
- ^ Pritt, Bobbi S.; Sloan, Lisa M.; Johnson, Derrick K.; Munderloh, Ulrike G.; Paskewitz, Susan M.; McElroy, Karen M.; McFadden, Jason D.; Binnicker, Matthew J.; Neitzel, David F.; Liu, Gang; Nicholson, William L. (2017). "Proposal to reclassify Ehrlichia muris as Ehrlichia muris subsp. muris subsp. nov. and description of Ehrlichia muris subsp. eauclairensis subsp. nov., a newly recognized tick-borne pathogen of humans". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 67 (7): 2121–2126. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001901. PMID 28699575.
- ^ "Clinical Overview of Ehrlichiosis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 15 May 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
- ^ "Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Ehrlichiosis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 15 May 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
- ^ "Clinical Testing and Diagnosis for Ehrlichiosis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 15 May 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
- ^ "About Ehrlichiosis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 15 May 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
- ^ Thirumalapura, Nagaraja R.; Qin, Xiang; Kuriakose, Jeeba A.; Walker, David H. (2014). "Complete genome sequence of Ehrlichia muris strain AS145T, a model monocytotropic Ehrlichia strain". Genome Announcements. 2 (1): e01234-13. doi:10.1128/genomeA.01234-13. PMC 3907729. PMID 24482514.
Further reading
- Telford III, Sam R. (2011). "LETTER: Prevalence of Ehrlichia muris in Wisconsin Deer Ticks Collected During the Mid 1990s". The Open Microbiology Journal. 5 (1): 18–20. doi:10.2174/1874285801105010018. ISSN 1874-2858. PMC 3106336. PMID 21643499.
- Hegarty, B.C.; Maggi, R.G.; Koskinen, P.; Beall, M.J.; Eberts, M.; Chandrashekar, R.; Breitschwerdt, E.B. (2012). "Ehrlichia muris Infection in a Dog from Minnesota". Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 26 (5): 1217–1220. doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00968.x. ISSN 0891-6640. PMID 22816518.
External links
- "Ehrlichia muris". The Encyclopedia of Life.
- WISC entry Archived 2014-04-22 at the Wayback Machine
- CDC Ehrlichiosis entry
- Type strain of Ehrlichia muris at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase