Ectoganus

Ectoganus
Temporal range: late Paleocene to early Eocene
head of Ectoganus gliriformis
(Robert Bruce Horsfall, 1913)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Taeniodonta
Family: †Stylinodontidae
Subfamily: †Stylinodontinae
Tribe: †Ectoganini
Cope, 1876[2]
Genus: †Ectoganus
Cope, 1874[1]
Type species
†Ectoganus gliriformis
Cope, 1874
Species
  • †E. bighornensis (Schoch, 1981)[3]
  • †E. copei (Schoch, 1981)
  • †E. gliriformis (Cope, 1874)
  • †E. lobdelli (Simpson, 1929)[4]
Synonyms[5]
synonyms of genus:
  • Calamodon (Cope, 1874)
  • Conicodon (Cope, 1894)[6]
  • Dryptodon (Marsh, 1876)[7]
  • Lampadophorus (Patterson, 1949)[8]
synonyms of species:
  • E. bighornensis:
    • Ectoganus copei bighornensis (Schoch, 1981)
  • E. copei:
    • Ectoganus copei copei (Schoch, 1981)
  • E. gliriformis:
    • Calamodon arcamaenus (Cope, 1874)
    • Calamodon arcamnaeus (Wortman, 1897)[9]
    • Calamodon arcamoenus (Cope, 1874)
    • Calamodon novomehicanus (Cope, 1874)
    • Calamodon simplex (Cope, 1874)
    • Conicodon simplex (Cope, 1894)
    • Dryptodon crassus (Marsh, 1876)
    • Ectoganus gliriformis gliriformis (Schoch, 1981)
    • Ectoganus novomehicanus (Cope, 1877)[10]
    • Ectoganus simplex (Guthrie, 1967)[11]
  • E. lobdelli:
    • Ectoganus gliriformis lobdelli (Schoch, 1981)
    • Lampadophorus expectatus (Patterson, 1949)
    • Lampadophorus lobdelli (Patterson, 1949)
    • Psittacotherium lobdelli (Simpson, 1929)

Ectoganus ("outside brightness")[12] is an extinct genus of taeniodonts from tribe Ectoganini within subfamily Stylinodontinae and family Stylinodontidae, that lived in North America from the Late Paleocene to Early Eocene.[13][14][15][16]

Description

The microscopic structure of Ectoganus tooth enamel consists of a single main layer. The internal enamel feature known as the Hunter-Schreger band is present but is weakly developed. The enamel is composed of tightly packed rod-like structures (prisms) that show a keyhole-shaped cross-section and only a partially formed outer sheath. The underlying dentine — the main structural tissue of the tooth — follows a typical mammalian pattern. A relatively thick layer of cementum, the tissue that helps anchor teeth in the jaw, covers both the front and back surfaces of the teeth.[17]

Phylogeny

Placentalia

Atlantogenata

Boreoeutheria

†Palaeoryctida

†Ambilestes

†Procerberidae

†Alveugena

†Taeniodonta

†Schowalteria

†Conoryctidae

†Onychodectidae

†Stylinodontoidea
†Stylinodontidae

†Wortmaniinae

†Stylinodontinae

†Psittacotheriini

†Stylinodontini

†Ectoganini
†Ectoganus

†Ectoganus bighornensis

†Ectoganus copei

†Ectoganus gliriformis

†Ectoganus lobdelli

References

  1. ^ Cope, Edward D. (1874). "Notes on the Eocene and Pliocene Lacustrine Formations of New Mexico, Including Descriptions of Certain New Species of Vertebrates". Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1874. Appendix FF.
  2. ^ Cope, E. D. (1876.) "On the Taeniodonta, a new group of Eocene mammals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Philadelphia 28:39.
  3. ^ R. M. Schoch (1981.) "Taxonomy and Biostratigraphy of the Early Tertiary Taeniodonta (Mammalia: Eutheria)" The Geological Society of America Bulletin, Part 2, v. 92
  4. ^ G. G. Simpson (1929.) "Third contribution to the Fort Union fauna at Bear Creek, Montana." American Museum Novitates 345
  5. ^ J. Alroy (2002.) "Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals."
  6. ^ E. D. Cope (1894.) "Schlosser on American Eocene Vertebrata in Switzerland." Am. Nat. 28: 585-94.
  7. ^ Othniel C. Marsh (1876.) "Notice of new Tertiary mammals, V." The American Journal of Science, Series 3 12: 401--404
  8. ^ Patterson, B. (1949.) "A new genus of taeniodonts from the late Paleocene." Fieldiana, Geol., 10: 41-42.
  9. ^ Wortman, J. L. (1897.) "The Ganodonta and their relationship to the Edentata." Bulletin of the AMNH; vol. 9, article 6
  10. ^ E. D. Cope (1877.) "Report upon the extinct Vertebrata obtained in New Mexico by parties of the expedition of 1874." Report upon United States Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian, in charge of First Lieut. G.M. Wheeler, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Vol. IV Paleontology, Part II, pp. 1-365. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
  11. ^ Daniel A. Guthrie (1967.) "The mammalian fauna of the Lysite Member, Wind River Formation (early Eocene) of Wyoming." Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 5:1-53
  12. ^ Palmer, Theodore Sherman (1904). Index Generum Mammalium: A List of the Genera and Families of Mammals. U.S. Government Printing Office.
  13. ^ Schoch, Robert M. (1986.) "Systematics, functional morphology and macroevolution of the extinct mammalian order Taeniodonta." Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, (42).
  14. ^ McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  15. ^ S. G. Lucas, R. M. Schoch, and T. E. Williamson (1998.) "Taeniodonta". In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals", Cambridge University Press, 703 pages
  16. ^ "Ectoganus (Cope, 1874)". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  17. ^ Von Koenigswald, Wighart; Kalthoff, Daniela C.; Semprebon, Gina M. (2 December 2010). "The microstructure of enamel, dentine and cementum in advanced Taeniodonta (Mammalia) with comments on their dietary adaptations". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (6): 1797–1804. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.521931. ISSN 0272-4634. Retrieved 22 October 2025 – via Taylor and Francis Online.
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