Meadow Mari language
| Meadow–Eastern Mari | |
|---|---|
| олык марий, olyk marij | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Mari El Republic |
| Ethnicity | Meadow Mari, Eastern Mari |
Native speakers | 470,000 (2012)[1] |
| Cyrillic | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Russia |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mhr |
| Glottolog | east2328 |
| ELP | Eastern Mari |
Meadow Mari | |
Eastern Mari is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger[2] | |
Meadow Mari, also known as Meadow-Eastern Mari, or Eastern Mari, is a standardised dialect of the Mari language used by about half a million people mostly in European Russia. Meadow Mari, Hill Mari, and Russian are official languages in the republic of Mari El in the Russian Federation.[3]
Meadow Mari and Eastern Mari are distinct language varieties, which both use the Meadow Mari literary standard.[4] The main differences between Meadow Mari and Hill Mari are phonological, and to a lesser extent, morphological.[5]
Alphabet
| А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Д д | Е е | Ё ё | Ж ж |
| З з | И и | Й й | К к | Л л | М м | Н н | Ҥ ҥ |
| О о | Ӧ ӧ | П п | Р р | С с | Т т | У у | Ӱ ӱ |
| Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Ы ы |
| Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | Voiceless | p | t | k | |||
| Voiced | b | d | g | ||||
| Fricative | Voiceless | (f) | (x) | ||||
| Voiced | v | ||||||
| Sibilant | Voiceless | s | ʃ | ||||
| Voiced | z | ʒ | |||||
| Affricate | (t͡s) | t͡ɕ | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ||||
| Lateral | l | ʎ | |||||
| Trill | r | ||||||
| Approximate | j | ||||||
/f, x, ts/ primarily occur in Russian loanwords.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rounded | Unrounded | Unrounded | Rounded | Unrounded | Rounded | |
| Close | i | y | u | |||
| Mid | e | ø | ə | o | ||
| Open | ɑ | |||||
Meadow Mari has no diphthongs.
References
Eastern Mari edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- ^ Meadow–Eastern Mari at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ "Western Mari in Russian Federation". UNESCO WAL. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ University of Graz
- ^ Bradley & Pischlöger 2021, p. 22–23.
- ^ Saarinen 2022, p. 432.
- ^ Riese, Timothy; Bradley, Jeremy; Yefremova, Tatiana (2022). Mari (марий йылме): An Essential Grammar for International Learners. Vienna: University of Vienna. p. 19.
Works cited
- Bradley, Jeremy Moss; Pischlöger, Christian (2021-12-16). "Converb constructions in Mari and Udmurt: Russian loanwords as a metric of productivity". Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen (66): 5–50. doi:10.33339/fuf.97527. ISSN 0355-1253.
- Saarinen, Sirkka (2022). "Mari". In Bakró-Nagy, Marianne; Laakso, Johanna; Skribnik, Elena (eds.). The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-876766-4.
External links
- Media related to Meadow Mari language at Wikimedia Commons
- Meadow & Eastern Mari – Finnish dictionary (robust finite-state, open-source)