Dubrovnik Prayer Book

The Dubrovnik Prayer Book (Serbo-Croatian: Дубровачки молитвеник, Dubrovački molitvenik) is "liber horarum" type of prayer book. This type of prayer book was the most popular religious book for the laity until the beginning of 17th century. The prayer book was printed in August 1512, in Venice. It is printed in Cyrillic. The book was first revealed to the public in modern times in 1932.

History

In 1512 Frančesko Micalović printed two Catholic prayer books in Venice, in the printing house of Giorgio Rusconi (Zorzi Ruskoni) of Venice.[1] One of them being Dubrovnik Prayer Book (Officio Sanctae Brigittae).[2]

On 18 September 1512, immediately after his return to Ragusa, Micalović stated that two cases of Slavic books belonged to Đuro, father of Petar Šušić.[3]

Language and script

Both books were printed by Micalović in Cyrillic script, classified by Zimmer as Bosnian Cyrillic,[4] in Shtokavian dialect after being translated from Chakavian.[5] In the contract signed by Micalović, the language of the prayer book was referred to as in littera et idiomate serviano 'in Serbian letters and language',[6] Milan Rešetar made an analysis of script, content, spelling, and language, and concluded that "the Cyrillic alphabet which is used in the manuscript was not intended for the Orthodox Church or the Orthodox faith, Cyrillic alphabet which is part of that manuscript was regularly used by our Catholics and Muslims".[7]

The four-part icon from church in the Orthodox Monastery of Virgin Mary's Birth in village of Sogle, (near Veles, North Macedonia) have decorative elements painted under influence of Cyrillic Prayer Book printed by Micalović.[8] According to Dejan Medaković, renaissance decorative elements of this 16th-century icon are directly copied from Prayer Book printed by Micalović.[9]

Controversy

In his reissue in 1938, Rešetar thought this was a historical and literary monument that was especially valuable because it revealed the Slavic culture in Dubrovnik as Serbian, though intended for Catholics.[10] It is sometimes considered first book printed in the Serbian vernacular (Italian: in littera et idiomate serviano),[11] the earlier publications of the Crnojević printing house having been in Church Slavonic.[12]

However, the language and faith have both caused controversy in recent times. For example, in 2012 the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts (HAZU) held a conference on the 500th anniversary of the book's publication under the name "Croatian Cyrillic Heritage" (Serbo-Croatian: Hrvatska ćirilska baština), with the Dubrovnik Prayer Book as a central topic. This sparked controversy and rejection with Serbian academics, most of whom disagreed with these classifications and stated that it constitutes cultural appropriation.[13]

References

  1. ^ Lazić 2018, p. 163; Zimmer 1983, p. 23
  2. ^ (Zimmer 1983, p. 23)
  3. ^ (Novak 1951, p. 109): "Osamnaestog septembra 1512 izjavio je Micalović, čim je prispeo u Dubrovnik, da dva sanduka slovenskih knjiga (in idiomate Sclavo) pripadaju Đuri Šušiću, ocu Petra koji je sklopio prvi ugovor sa Micalovićem, isto ..."
  4. ^ (Zimmer 1983, p. 23)
  5. ^ (Maštrović 2005, p. 58): "Franjo Ratković Micalović (Franciscus Ratchi Mizalovich) i sam Dubrovčanin. ... da je Molitvenik dubrovačko štokavsko-jekavski spomenik unatoč tomu što se u njemu nalaze tragovi čakavsko-ikavske redakcije iz koje je potekao."
  6. ^ Lazić 2018, p. 163; Nazor 2014
  7. ^ Anica Nazor; (2015) Hrvatski ćirilički molitvenik 1512. (Croatian cyrillic prayer book of 1512) p. 17-21; Filologija 62, Zagreb, [1]
  8. ^ Bibliotekar. 1960. p. 15. Ovim retkim sačuvanim primercima treba dodati i četvorodelnu ikonu iz Sognja, u kojoj su dekorativni elementi izrađeni pod uticajem ćirilskog Molitvenika koji je 1512 Dubrovčanin Franjo Ratković — Micalović
  9. ^ Janc, Zagorka; Serbia), Muzej primenjene umetnosti (Belgrade; Macedonia), Muzeй na Makedonija (Skopje (1986). Stariot drvorez od Srbija i Makedonija. Muzej primenjene umetnosti. p. 20.
  10. ^ Rešetar 1938, pp. LX, 109; Lazić 2018, p. 163
  11. ^ Lazić 2018, p. 163; Грковић-Мејџор & Савић 2016, p. 220; Ђорђић 1971, p. 191; Stojanović 2020, p. 20
  12. ^ Tanasić 2023, p. 20
  13. ^ Tanasić 2023, p. 20,21

Bibliography

Further reading

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