Demographics of the United Arab Emirates

Demographics of United Arab Emirates
Population pyramid of the United Arab Emirates in 2020
Population11.027.129 (2024 est.)
Growth rate0.58% (2022 est.)
Birth rate10.81 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate1.56 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy79.56 years
 • male78.21 years
 • female80.99 years
Fertility rate1.46 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate5.14 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate3.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years14.45%
15–64 years83.65%
65 and over1.90%
Sex ratio
Total2.21 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.06 male(s)/female
Under 151.06 male(s)/female
65 and over1.86 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityEmirati
Major ethnic
Minor ethnic
Language
OfficialArabic
SpokenArabic, English, Punjabi, Hindi–Urdu, Malayalam, Pashto, Tagalog, Persian

Demographic features of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) include population density, vital statistics, immigration and emigration data, ethnicity, education levels, religions practiced, and languages spoken within the UAE.

The majority of the population comes from South Asia, and is predominantly Muslim.[1]

Population

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1963 95,000—    
1968 180,226+89.7%
1975 557,887+209.5%
1980 1,042,099+86.8%
1985 1,379,303+32.4%
1995 2,411,041+74.8%
1999 2,938,000+21.9%
2005 4,106,427+39.8%
2010 8,264,070+101.2%
2018 9,599,353[4]+16.2%
2025 estimate11,350,000+18.2%
Sources:[2][3]

The United Arab Emirates experienced a significant population increase in recent years as a result of major economic growth. This led to an influx of workers from diverse cultural and religious backgrounds, increasing the population from 4 million in 2004 to roughly 11.35 million in 2024.[5][6] As of 2024, foreigners represent 88.50% of the population,[6][7] the third largest proportion of expats in the world in relation to the nationals after Qatar and the Vatican. As of 2024, the largest group of non-UAE nationals are South Asian 68.36% (Indians 37.96%,Pakistanis 16.72%, Bangladeshis 7.38% and others 6.3%), Filipinos 6.1%, Iranians 4.72%, Egyptians 4.23% and other 2.16%.[8][6]

Female citizens and non-citizens account for 36.20% percent of the UAE's population due to the high level of male foreign workers.[9] The majority of the UAE population is between 25 and 54 years old 64.12%.[6] A large part of this can be attributed to the expatriate worker population who fall in the age category.[10] Population is heavily concentrated to the northeast on the Musandam Peninsula. The three largest Emirates (Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Sharjah), are home to nearly 83% of the population.[11][6]

As of 2024 the population of the UAE stood at 11.35 million,[6] with 63.80% being male and 36.20% female.[12][13][14] The country's total fertility rate (TFR) was 1.46, while that of the Emirati citizen population was 3.1, significantly higher than the national average, though reflecting a 16% decline from 3.7 in 2015.[15] In 2024 the population density of the Emirates has reached a record 114 per km2.[16]

Emirate Census 1975 Census 1985 Census 1995 Census 2005 Est. 2025
Abu Dhabi 211,812 566,036 942,463 1,399,484 3,789,860
Dubai 183,187 370,788 689,420 1,321,453 3,943,683
Sharjah 78,790 228,317 402,792 793,573 1,808,000
Ajman 16,690 54,546 121,491 206,997 504,846
Umm Al-Quwain 6,908 19,285 35,361 49,159 49,159
Ras Al-Khaimah 43,845 96,578 143,334 210,063 400,000
Fujairah 16,655 43,753 76,180 125,698 316,790
Total 557,887 1,379,303 2,411,041 4,106,427 11,350,000.[6]

Age structure

UAE Census (05/12/2005)
Age group Male Female Total %
Total 2 806 141 1 300 286 4 106 427 100
0-4 145 601 136 538 282 139 6.87
5-9 139 929 129 453 269 382 6.56
10-14 130 778 118 279 249 057 6.07
15-19 121 388 110 838 232 226 5.66
20-24 272 036 161 530 433 566 10.56
25-29 483 657 178 137 661 794 16.12
30-34 489 879 150 482 640 361 15.59
35-39 386 762 113 844 500 606 12.19
40-44 262 718 78 543 341 261 8.31
45-49 174 459 51 311 225 770 5.50
50-54 107 339 31 539 138 878 3.38
55-59 51 303 15 804 67 107 1.63
60-64 18 820 8 527 27 347 0.67
65-69 9 172 5 285 14 457 0.35
70-74 5 391 4 013 9 404 0.23
75-79 2 440 1 837 4 277 0.10
80-84 1 537 1 439 2 976 0.07
85+ 1 250 1 165 2 415 0.06
unknown 1 682 1 722 3 404 0.08
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 416 308 384 270 800 578 19.50
15-64 2 366 679 898 833 3 265 512 79.52
65+ 21 472 15 461 36 933 0.90
[17]

Vital statistics

UN estimates

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR CDR NC TFR IMR
1950–1955 4,000 2,000 2,000 49.4 20.8 28.6 6.97 175
1955–1960 4,000 2,000 3,000 49.3 18.0 31.3 6.97 156
1960–1965 5,000 2,000 4,000 46.3 13.2 33.2 6.87 120
1965–1970 8,000 2,000 6,000 41.2 8.7 32.5 6.77 77
1970–1975 12,000 2,000 10,000 32.6 6.4 26.2 6.36 51
1975–1980 23,000 4,000 19,000 29.1 4.6 24.5 5.66 36
1980–1985 36,000 4,000 32,000 30.5 3.7 26.8 5.23 25
1985–1990 45,000 5,000 40,000 28.4 3.1 25.4 4.83 17
1990–1995 48,000 5,000 42,000 23.0 2.5 20.4 3.88 12
1995–2000 49,000 6,000 43,000 18.1 2.1 16.0 2.97 10
2000–2005 57,000 6,000 51,000 16.2 1.7 14.4 2.38 8
2005–2010 81,000 8,000 73,000 14.0 1.4 12.6 1.86 7
CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Source: United National World Population Prospects[18]

Registered births and deaths

Year Population Live births Deaths Natural increase Crude birth rate Crude death rate Rate of natural increase TFR
1976 646,900 21,394 33.1
1977 748,100 23,119 30.9
1978 852,200 27,645 32.4
1979 952,000 31,685 33.3
1980 1,042,000 34,774 33.4
1981 1,121,000 38,547 34.4
1982 1,190,000 41,961 35.3
1983 1,253,000 43,419 34.7
1984 1,318,000 43,704 33.2
1985 1,391,000 44,192 31.8
1986 1,472,000 45,460 3,222 42,238 30.9 2.2 28.7
1987 1,561,000 47,703 3,231 44,472 30.6 2.1 28.5
1988 1,656,000 50,836 3,447 47,389 30.7 2.1 28.6
1989 1,756,000 51,903 3,640 48,263 29.6 2.1 27.5
1990 1,860,000 52,264 3,938 48,326 28.1 2.1 26.0
1991 1,970,000 49,496 4,026 45,470 25.4 2.0 23.4
1992 2,087,000 50,604 4,271 46,333 24.2 2.0 22.2
1993 2,207,000 50,197 4,342 45,855 22.7 2.0 20.7
1994 2,329,000 52,440 4,584 47,856 22.5 2.0 20.5
1995 2,449,000 48,567 4,779 43,788 19.8 2.0 17.8
1996 2,571,000 47,050 4,785 42,265 18.3 1.9 16.4
1997 2,700,000 46,360 4,878 41,482 17.2 1.8 15.4
1998 2,838,000 48,136 5,033 43,103 17.0 1.8 15.2
1999 2,988,000 49,659 5,194 44,465 16.6 1.7 14.9
2000 3,155,000 53,686 5,396 48,290 17.0 1.7 15.3
2001 3,326,000 56,136 5,777 50,359 16.9 1.7 15.2
2002 3,507,000 58,070 5,994 52,075 16.6 1.7 14.9
2003 3,742,000 61,165 6,002 55,163 16.3 1.6 14.7
2004 4,088,000 63,113 6,123 56,990 15.4 1.5 13.9
2005 4,580,000 64,623 6,361 58,262 14.1 1.4 12.7
2006 5,242,000 62,960 6,483 56,477 12.0 1.2 10.8
2007 6,044,000 67,677 7,414 60,263 11.2 1.2 10.0
2008 6,894,000 68,779 7,755 61,024 9.9 1.1 8.8
2009 7,666,000 76,366 7,789 68,577 10.0 1.0 9.0
2010 8,271,000 79,625 7,414 72,211 9.6 0.9 8.7
2011 8,672,000 83,950 7,350 76,600 9.7 0.8 8.9
2012 8,900,000 89,578 7,702 81,876 10.1 0.9 9.2
2013 9,006,000 93,539 8,015 88,524 10.4 0.9 9.5
2014 9,071,000 95,860 8,265 87,595 10.6 0.9 9.7
2015 9,154,000 97,328 8,755 88,573 10.6 1.0 9.6
2016 9,121,200 98,299 8,988 89,311 10.8 1.0 9.8
2017 9,304,277 97,738 8,826 88,912 10.5 0.9 9.6
2018 9,366,828 95,309 8,794 86,515 10.2 0.9 9.3
2019 9,503,738 94,697 9,006 85,691 10.0 1.0 9.0
2020 9,282,410 97,572 10,357 87,215 10.5 1.1 9.4
2021 9,861,007 92,777 11,911 80,866 9.7 1.2 8.5 1.494
2022 10,288,946 96,631 11,762 84,869 9.4 1.1 8.3 1.611
2023 10,678,556 101,088 11,514 89,574 9.5 1.1 8.4
2024 11,294,243 106,915 12,741 94,174 9.5 1.1 8.3

[19][20]

millionyear0246810121970198019902000201020202030population (million)United Arab Emirates Population
View source data.
‰years51015202530198019902000201020202030Natural change (per 1000)United Arab Emirates Population Change
View source data.

Life expectancy

Period Life expectancy in
Years 		Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 43.9 1985–1990 70.7
1955–1960 49.6 1990–1995 72.2
1960–1965 54.7 1995–2000 73.6
1965–1970 59.6 2000–2005 74.8
1970–1975 63.4 2005–2010 75.9
1975–1980 66.4 2010–2015 76.7
1980–1985 68.8 2019 78[21]

Source: UN World Population Prospects[22]

Nationalities

Main article: Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates

The UAE government does not publish demographic data regarding nationality. The table below records estimates of various reliable sources.

UAE population by nationality
Nationals of Population Year of data
India 4,300,000[23] 2025
Pakistan 1,700,000[24] 2025
UAE 1,310,000 2025
Bangladesh 1,200,000[25] 2024
Philippines 700,000[26] 2026
Iran 600,000[27] 2025
Nepal 450,000[28] 2025
Egypt 400,000[29] 2022
China 370,000[30] 2025
Sri Lanka 300,000[31] 2021
Afghanistan 300,000[32] 2025
Palestine 300,000[33] 2023
Syria 242,000[34] 2017
United Kingdom 240,000[35] 2026
Jordan 200,000[36] 2024
Ethiopia 200,000[37] 2025
Lebanon 200,000[38] 2025
Sudan 200,000[39] 2023
Uganda 160,000[40] 2024
Russia 150,000[41] 2025
South Africa 100,000[42] 2018
Morocco 100,000[43] 2019
Indonesia 100,000[44] 2019
Nigeria 100,000[45] 2026
Iraq 100,000[46] 2025
Yemen 99,638[47] 2019
Saudi Arabia 85,000[48] 2018
Somalia 80,000–100,000[49] 2018
Turkey 60,000[50] 2025
France 64,000[51] 2026
Canada 60,000[52] 2025
United States 50,000[53] 2018
Kenya 40,000[54] 2025
Tunisia 25,000[55] 2025
Ukraine 30,000[56] 2024
Algerian 30,000[57] 2020
Australia 25,000[58] 2025
Thailand 19,000[59] 2025
Italy 18,671[60] 2024
South Korea 13,000[61] 2019
Brazil 12,000[62] 2022
Germany 10,000[63] 2022

Languages

Most spoken languages in the UAE (>100k users)[64]
Language Number of speakers (all users)
Gulf Arabic 3,480,000
Modern Standard Arabic 3,090,000
Malayalam 1,060,000
South Levantine Arabic 499,000
Tamil 455,000
Northern Pashto 379,000
Southern Balochi 379,000
Hejazi Arabic 370,000
Kannada 337,000
Tagalog 303,000
Omani Arabic 303,000
Iranian Persian 303,000
Egyptian Arabic 284,000
French language 250,000
Eastern Punjabi 201,000
Southern Pashto 144,000
North Levantine Arabic 127,000
Sinhala 121,000
Sindhi 102,000

Arabic is the official language.[65] Emirati people speak Gulf Arabic.[66] English is the most used language amongst expatriates and in business. Arabic is the main medium of instruction at all levels of schooling in government schools, while English is taught as a second language and used for teaching technical or scientific subjects. Private schools can follow a different curriculum (British, American, French, Pakistani, etc.) and use a different language.[67][68] Many other languages are spoken in the UAE due to immigration (see table). In 2019, Abu Dhabi included Hindi as third official court language.[69][70] Currently, the UAE government provides lectures and tests to obtain a driving license in Urdu, Hindi, Malayalam, Tamil and Bengali, besides Arabic and English.[71]

Religions

Main article: Religion in the United Arab Emirates
This section is an excerpt from Religion in the United Arab Emirates.[edit]
Religion in the United Arab Emirates (2020 estimate)[72]
  1. Islam (official) (74.5%)
  2. Christianity (12.9%)
  3. Hinduism (6.20%)
  4. Buddhism (3.20%)
  5. Agnosticism (1.30%)
  6. Other religion (1.90%)

As per the United Arab Emirates constitution, Islam is the official religion professed by 75% of the population as of 2020. 63% are Sunni, 7% are Shia and 4% follow another branch of Islam.[72] The royals families of Al Nahyan and Al Maktoum ruling families adhere to the Maliki school of jurisprudence. As such, the Maliki school remains the UAE's dominant school of thought and is sometimes used in legal sharia rulings.[73][74] The other main religions present in the country include Christianity (13%), Hinduism (6%), and Buddhism (3%).[72] Zoroastrians, Druze, Baha'i, Judaism, and Sikhism are also practiced by some non-nationals.[75] 1% of the population is agnostic.[72]

See also

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