Delta esuriens

Delta esuriens
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Vespidae
Genus:	Delta
Species:	D. esuriens
Binomial name
	Delta esuriens; (Fabricius, 1787)
Synonyms
	Eumenes campaniformis esuriens

Delta esuriens is a species of potter wasp found in tropical Asia, belonging to the Vespidae family. They can be separated from the similar looking Delta pyriforme by the presence of a yellow band on the metasomal petiole segment.^[1]^[2]

Female Delta esuriens build a nest of mud with 1-8 cells adjacent to each other in 1 or 2 rows with their entrance holes pot-like which are provisioned with lepidopteran caterpillars before an egg is laid and the entrance hole sealed. The egg hangs from the cell wall, suspended by a bit of silk. About 3 to 10 caterpillars may be placed in a single cell. The eggs hatch in a couple of days and feed for a week. Pupation takes about two weeks. Male offspring have a slightly shorter development time and emerge earlier. The adults emerge from the cells in about a month. The larvae are parasitized by Chrysididae and Bombyliidae and preyed on by Sarcophagidae and ants.^[3]^[4]^[5]

References

^ Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong (2015). "Taxonomic Notes on the Genus Delta de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam". Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity. 31 (2): 95–100. doi:10.5635/ASED.2015.31.2.095.
^ Pannure, Arati; Belavadi, Vasuki V.; Carpenter, James M. (2016). "Taxonomic studies on potter wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) of south India". Zootaxa. 4171 (1): 1–50. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4171.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 27701247.
^ Jayakar, S.D.; Spurway, H. (1967). "The nesting activities of the vespoid potter wasp Eumenes campaniformis esuriens (Fabr.) compared with the ecological similar sphecoid Sceliphron madraspatanum (Fabr.) (Hymenoptera)". J. Bombay Nat Hist. Soc. 64 (2): 307–332.
^ Jayakar, S.D.; Spurway, H. (1968). "The nesting activities of the vespoid potter wasp Eumenes campaniformis esuriens (Fabr.) compared with the ecologically similar sphecoid Sceliphron madraspatanum (Fabr.) (Hymenoptera)". J. Bombay Nat Hist. Soc. 65 (1): 148–181.
^ Huy Pham, Phong; Ut Pham, Mai; Thi Hong Mai, Sim; Trung Hoang, Thanh (2024). "Biology of the potter wasp Delta esuriens (Fabricius, 1787) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) with details on its nesting and mating behaviours, development, and ecology". Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 27 (4): 102334. doi:10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102334.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)

[1] Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong (2015). "Taxonomic Notes on the Genus Delta de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam". Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity. 31 (2): 95–100. doi:10.5635/ASED.2015.31.2.095.

[2] Pannure, Arati; Belavadi, Vasuki V.; Carpenter, James M. (2016). "Taxonomic studies on potter wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) of south India". Zootaxa. 4171 (1): 1–50. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4171.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 27701247.

[3] Jayakar, S.D.; Spurway, H. (1967). "The nesting activities of the vespoid potter wasp Eumenes campaniformis esuriens (Fabr.) compared with the ecological similar sphecoid Sceliphron madraspatanum (Fabr.) (Hymenoptera)". J. Bombay Nat Hist. Soc. 64 (2): 307–332.

[4] Jayakar, S.D.; Spurway, H. (1968). "The nesting activities of the vespoid potter wasp Eumenes campaniformis esuriens (Fabr.) compared with the ecologically similar sphecoid Sceliphron madraspatanum (Fabr.) (Hymenoptera)". J. Bombay Nat Hist. Soc. 65 (1): 148–181.

[5] Huy Pham, Phong; Ut Pham, Mai; Thi Hong Mai, Sim; Trung Hoang, Thanh (2024). "Biology of the potter wasp Delta esuriens (Fabricius, 1787) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) with details on its nesting and mating behaviours, development, and ecology". Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 27 (4): 102334. doi:10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102334.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)

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