Tadaksahak
| Tadaksahak | |
|---|---|
| Tadáksahak | |
| Native to | Mali, Niger[1] |
| Ethnicity | Dawsahak |
Native speakers | 170,000 (2022)[2] |
| Arabic script Latin alphabet | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | dsq |
| Glottolog | tada1238 |
| Tadaksahak | |
|---|---|
| People | Idaksahak |
| Language | Tadáksahak |
Tadaksahak (also Daoussahak, Dausahaq and other spellings, after the Tuareg name for its speakers, Dăwsăhak)[4] is a Songhay language spoken by the pastoralist Idaksahak of the Ménaka Region and Gao Region of Mali. Its phonology, verb morphology and vocabulary has been strongly influenced by the neighbouring Tuareg languages, Tamasheq and Tamajaq.
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i, iː | u, uː | |
| Mid | e, eː | ə | o, oː |
| Open | a, aː | ||
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː | u uː | ||
| Near-close | [ɪ] | |||
| Mid | e eː | ə | o oː | |
| Open-mid | [ɛ] [ɛː] | [ɐ] | [ʌ] | [ɔ ɔː] |
| Open | [æ] | a aː | [ɑ] | |
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pharyngealized | ||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | nˤ | ŋ | |||||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | t | tˤ | tʃ | k | q | |||
| voiced | b | d | dˤ | dʒ | ɡ | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | sˤ | ʃ | x | ħ | h | |
| voiced | z | zˤ | ʒ | ɣ | ʕ | ||||
| Approximant | l | lˤ | j | w | |||||
| Flap | ɾ | ɾˤ | |||||||
See also
- Tadaksahak word list (Wiktionary)
Notes
- ^ Chaventré, A. (1983). "Introduction a l'étude genealogique". Évolution anthropo-biologique d'une population Touarègue: les Kel Kummer et leurs apparentés. Travaux et documents (in French). Vol. 103. Institut national d'études démographiques. pp. 29–33. ISBN 2-7332-0103-4.
- ^ Tadaksahak at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
- ^ This map is based on classification from Glottolog and data from Ethnologue.
- ^ Ritter, Georg (2009). Wörterbuch zur Sprache und Kultur der Twareg II Deutsch-Twareg (in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. 735.
- ^ a b Christiansen 2010, p. 19.
- ^ Christiansen 2010, p. 10.
References
- Christiansen, Regula (2010). A grammar of Tadaksahak a northern Songhay language of Mali (PhD thesis). Leiden University. hdl:1887/15180. ISBN 9783896459312.
- Christiansen, Niels; Christiansen, Regula (2002). Some verb morphology features of Tadaksahak, or, Berber or Songhay, this is the question (Report). SIL Electronic Working Papers. Vol. 2002–005. SIL International.
- Christiansen, Regula; Levinsohn, Stephen H. (2003). Relative clauses in Tadaksahak (Report). SIL Electronic Working Papers. Vol. 2003–003.
- Rueck, Michael J.; Christiansen, Niels (1998). "Northern Songhay Languages in Mali and Niger: A Sociolinguistic Survey". In Cyffer, Norbert (ed.). Trends in Nilo-Saharan Linguistics. Nilo-Saharan Linguistics Conference. Archived from the original on 2013-12-03.