Darugha
Darugha (Bashkir: даруга, Tatar: даруга, romanized: daruğa, from Mongol: daru-, 'to press, to seal'[1]) was a territorial subdivision in the Mongol Empire. A darugha was ruled by a darughachi.
History
It was a territorial subdivision in the Mongol Empire.
Later, the term was used for the province, particularly in Kazan and the Siberian Khanates in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was used in the Turkic-populated parts of the Russian Empire in the 16th to 18th centuries.[2] In Safavid Iran, it was a title meaning prefect.[3] One of the many Safavid darughas was Mirman Mirimanidze.
In 1762, the Bashkir people controlled the Kazan, Nogai, Osin and Siberian darughas.[4]
In the Mughal Empire, a daroga was the title of a district police officer. This title was kept until the 20th century during the British Raj.
In the Kazan Khanate, there were five darugs:
- Galician Daruga - (trade route to the Russians)
- Alat Daruga - (trade route to the Cheremis Mari)
- Arskaya Daruga - (trade route to the Ars Udmurts)
- Zureya Daruga - (trade route to the Bulgar Chuvash)
- Nogai Daruga - (trade route to the Kipchaks, Bashkir and Nogay)
References
- ^ Ergene, Boğaç A. (2009). Judicial Practice: Institutions and Agents in the Islamic World. Brill. p. 271. ISBN 978-9-00417-934-9.
Darugha - the word is derived from the Mongol daru-, 'to press, to seal' and was used to denote a chief in the Mongol feudal hierarchy (...)
- ^ "Даруга". Tatar Encyclopaedia (in Tatar). Kazan: The Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.
- ^ Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). Historical Dictionary of Georgia. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-44224-146-6.
- ^ Rychkov Petr Ivanovich: "Topography of Orenburg" Russia St. Petersburg, 1762 page 93
Sources
- . Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). 1906.