Cenesthopathy

Cenesthopathy (from French: cénestopathie,[1] formed from the Ancient Greek κοινός (koinós) "common", αἴσθησῐς (aísthēsis) "feeling", "perception" + πᾰ́θος (páthos) "feeling, suffering, condition"), also known as cenesthesiopathy and coenesthesiopathy,[2][3] is a rare psychiatric term used to refer to aberrant, intrusive, and distressing internal bodily sensations (for example, a feeling of wires or coils being present within the oral region; tightening, burning, pressure, tickling) without corresponding organic or physiological abnormalities.[4][5] It represents a distortion of cenesthesia; the internal, global, implicit, and affective sense of inhabiting one's body.

The term was coined in 1907 by French neuropsychiatrists Ernest Ferdinand Pierre Louis Dupré and Paul Camus in their seminal paper Les cénesthopathies, to describe a clinical entity characterized by "alterations of the common or internal sensibility"; disorders of sensations that continuously arrive at the brain from throughout the body.[1][6][7]

Classification

Several conceptual classification schemes for cenesthopathy have been proposed. Hozaki classified cenesthopathy into primary monosymptomatic and secondary forms, with the latter appearing secondary to neurological or psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, substance abuse, or mood disorders, and the former manifesting as isolated perceptual delusions involving abnormal bodily sensations without an underlying disorder.[8] Yoshimatsu proposed a more phenomenologically nuanced five-group classification based on mental manifestation features, complaint details, and patient attitude:[9]

  • related to disruption of self-consciousness or depersonalization
  • related to perception of slight illness
  • characterized by grotesque and bizarre sensations experienced as real
  • marked by selfish attitude and exaggerated complaints
Subtypes of cenesthesia (adapted from Blom et al. (2010))[2][3]
Type Etymology Clinical description
Coenesthesiopathy (cenesthopathy) "Coenesthesia" (κοινός + [αἴ]σθησῐς) + -"pathy". A pathological alteration in the sense of bodily being, caused by abnormal, bizarre sensations in the body.
Hypercoenesthesiopathy (hypercenesthopathy) ("hyper-", from Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, "excess") + "coenesthesiopathy") A hypertrophic alteration in the sense of bodily being, caused by abnormal, bizarre sensations in the body.
Hypocoenesthesiopathy (hypocenesthopathy) ("hypo-", from Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó, "under") + coenesthesiopathy) A hypotrophic alteration in the sense of bodily being, caused by abnormal, bizarre sensations in the body.
Paracoenesthesiopathy (paracenesthopathy) ("para-", from Ancient Greek παρά (pará, "beside, by, contrary to") + coenesthesiopathy) A qualitative alteration in the sense of bodily being, caused by abnormal, bizarre sensations in the body.
Acoenesthesiopathy[note 1] (acenesthopathy) ("a-", from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, "not") + coenesthesiopathy) A total absence of the sense of physical existence.

Nosology

Cenesthopathic schizophrenia

The established occurrence of coenesthetic hallucinations in 18% of individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis of schizophrenia has led to the formulation of a separate subgroup of schizophrenia in the ICD-10, called cenesthopathic schizophrenia.[2][10] Cenesthopathic schizophrenia is included (but not defined) within the category "other schizophrenia" (F20.8) in the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems.[11][12]

Oral cenesthopathy

In the DSM-5, oral cenesthopathy is categorized under "Delusional Disorder, Somatic Type" (DDST), which encompasses conditions where delusions center on bodily functions or sensations.[13] In the ICD-10, it is categorized as a "persistent delusional disorder" or "other schizophrenia".[4]

References

Look up cenesthopathy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Look up coenesthesiopathy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Notes
  1. ^ Also known as acenesthesia, or total asomatognosia.
Sources
  1. ^ a b Dupré E. (1925). "Chapitre IV: Les Cénestopathies". Pathologie de l'imagination et de l'émotivité. Bibliothèque Scientifique (in French). Paris: Payot. p. 291. OCLC 459305905.
  2. ^ a b c Blom, Jan Dirk (2013). "Hallucinations and Other Sensory Deceptions in Psychiatric Disorders". The Neuroscience of Hallucinations. New York, NY: Springer. pp. 43–57. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4121-2_3. ISBN 978-1-4614-4120-5.
  3. ^ a b Blom, J. D.; Neven, A.; Aouaj, Y.; Jonker, B.; Hoek, H. W. (2010). "De coenesthesiopathieën" [The cenesthesiopathies] (PDF). Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie (in Dutch). 52 (10): 695–704. PMID 20931483. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Umezaki, Y.; Miura, A.; Watanabe, M.; Takenoshita, M.; Uezato, A.; Toriihara, A.; Nishikawa, T.; Toyofuku, A. (2016). "Oral cenesthopathy". BioPsychoSocial Medicine. 10: 20. doi:10.1186/s13030-016-0071-7. PMC 4903001. PMID 27293481.
  5. ^ Graux, J.; Lemoine, M.; Gaillard, P.; Camus, V. (October 2011). "Les cénesthopathies : un trouble des émotions d'arrière plan. Regards croisés des sciences cognitives et de la phénoménologie". L'Encéphale (in French). 37 (5): 361–370. doi:10.1016/j.encep.2010.10.002.
  6. ^ Dupré, Ernest; Camus, Paul (1907). "Les cénestopathies". Bulletin Médical (in French): 713–714.
  7. ^ Dupré, Ernest; Camus, Paul (1907). "Les cénestopathies". L'Encéphale (in French): 616–631.
  8. ^ Hozaki, H., Takahashi, Y., Nakamura, N., & Kaizawa, S. (1959). On chronic sensory hallucination. Seishin Igaku (in Japanese), 1, 391-396.
  9. ^ Yoshimatsu, K. (July 1966). "[The psychopathology of cenesthopathia]". Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi = Psychiatria Et Neurologia Japonica. 68 (7): 872–890. ISSN 0033-2658. PMID 6007937.
  10. ^ "8 Types of Schizophrenia and their differences". Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  11. ^ Jenkins, Gary; Röhricht, Frank (2007). "From Cenesthesias to Cenesthopathic Schizophrenia: A Historical and Phenomenological Review". Psychopathology. 40 (5): 361–368. doi:10.1159/000106314. ISSN 0254-4962. PMID 17657136. S2CID 32303894.
  12. ^ World Health Organization (2016). "International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision: F20.8 Other schizophrenia". Retrieved April 16, 2019.
  13. ^ "American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)", SpringerReference, Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, retrieved 2026-02-13


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