Carl F. Dahl

Carl F. Dahl
Born1849 (1849)
Died1902 (aged 52–53)
Known forKraft process
Scientific career
FieldsChemistry, papermaking

Carl Friedrich Dahl (1849–1902)[1][2] was a German industrial chemist who developed the kraft (sulfate) pulping process, the dominant method of chemical pulping used in modern papermaking.[3]

Dahl worked in Danzig (then part of Prussia, now Gdańsk, Poland), an important Baltic port with a developing paper and cellulose industry. In 1884, he received U.S. Patent No. 296,935 for a process that used sodium sulfate in place of soda ash in the chemical recovery cycle of a soda pulping system.[4][5] The resulting cooking liquor contained sodium sulfide along with caustic soda, producing significantly stronger pulp fibers than the soda process alone.[6][7][8][2]

In the following years, Dahl continued working in industrial chemistry and pulp technology throughout the 1880s and 1890s. He died in 1902, before witnessing the full global expansion of his invention, which would later dominate chemical pulp production worldwide.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ Areej, F.; Mohd Ashadie, K.; Zakiah, S.; Ainun, Z.M.A. (2023). "Pulping process for nonwoody plants". Pulping and Papermaking of Nonwood Plant Fibers. Elsevier. pp. 17–32. doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91625-7.00007-2. ISBN 978-0-323-91625-7.
  2. ^ a b "Carl F. Dahl". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 24, 2026.
  3. ^ Smook, Gary A. (2016). Handbook for Pulp & Paper Technologists (4th ed.). TAPPI Press. ISBN 978-1-59510-245-4.
  4. ^ Dahl, Carl Ferdinand (April 15, 1884). "US Patent 296,935: Process of manufacturing cellulose". Google Patents. Retrieved March 5, 2026.
  5. ^ Handbook of Pulp. Wiley-VCH. 2006. doi:10.1002/9783527619887. ISBN 978-3-527-30999-3.
  6. ^ Biermann, Christopher J. (1996). Handbook of Pulping and Papermaking (2nd ed.). Academic Press. pp. 79–85. ISBN 978-0-12-097362-0.
  7. ^ Rydholm, Sven A. (1965). Pulping Processes. Interscience Publishers. pp. 145–151.
  8. ^ Gullichsen, J.; Paulapuro, H. (2000). Papermaking Science and Technology, Book 6A: Chemical Pulping. Fapet Oy.
  9. ^ Gullichsen, J.; Paulapuro, H. (2000). "Papermaking Science and Technology, Book 6A.Chemical Pulping". Fapet Oy. Retrieved February 24, 2026.

Bibliography

  • Kroschwitz, J. I. (1990). Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley.
  • Röhm, H. (1912). Die Sulfatzellstoff-Fabrikation (in German). Leipzig: Verlag von Otto Spamer.
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