Cadelling (south Wales)

This article is about the dynasty of south Wales. For the dynasty of Powys, see Cadelling (Powys).
Cadelling
Middle Welsh: Katelling

Arms of Richard Talbot, 2nd Baron Talbot, claimed to represent the arms of this dynasty
Parent houseSecond Dynasty of Gwynedd
Country
Place of originKingdom of Gwynedd
Foundedc. 900 (900)
FounderCadell ap Rhodri
Final rulerRhys ap Gruffudd
Final headMaelgwn ap Rhys (rebel)

The dynasty of the Cadelling, also known as the House of Deheubarth or the House of Dinefwr after its seat in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, was a medieval Welsh dynasty founded at the turn of the tenth century and primarily associated with the Kingdom of Dyfed and later Deheubarth. It was named for its founder, Cadell ap Rhodri, a son of Rhodri Mawr of Gwynedd who conquered south-west Wales around 900 AD.

Many members of this family were influential in Welsh history, such as Hywel Dda, who allegedly codified Welsh law under his rule, and achieved the important title of King of the Britons, or Lord Rhys, Prince of Wales, who rebelled against Richard the Lionheart, and became one of the most powerful Welsh leaders of the Middle Ages.[1][2]

History

With the death of Rhodri Mawr, the Kingdom of Gwynedd passed to his eldest son Anarawd ap Rhodri. Rhodri's second son Cadell ap Rhodri, however, looked outside Gwynedd's traditional borders and took possession of the Early Medieval Kingdom of Dyfed by the late 9th century. The family is known as the Cadelling after Cadell ap Rhodri.

The Cadelling under King Hywel Dda would unite Dyfed and Seisyllwg into the Kingdom of Deheubarth in the early 10th century. During his reign, Hywel Dda would have to submit to the King of the Anglo-Saxons, Edward the Elder, and thereafter support his successor King Æthelstan, the first King of England, and his invasion of Scotland.[3] His legacy would be the codification of Welsh law known as the Laws of Hywel Dda, as he had gathered expert lawyers and priests from all over the country under his leadership for its formation.[4]

The Cadelling would rule in Deheubarth until their conquest by the Plantagenet kings in the 13th century. This branch would compete with the House of Aberffraw for supremacy and influence in Wales throughout the 10th, 11th and 12th centuries, with the Kingdom of Powys variously ruled between them.

During the 12th century, Lord Rhys's father, Prince Gruffydd ap Rhys, fought the Normans following the civil war in England and Normandy. This war arose from the rival claims of Stephen of Blois and Empress Matilda to the throne England as descendants of William the Conqueror. From that era, Lord Rhys would end up becoming one of the most successful and powerful Welsh leaders of the Middle Ages, fighting against King Henry Plantagenet as well as against his son, Richard the Lionheart, attacking his Norman lordship and capturing many of his castles.[5] Through Lord Rhys's daughter Gwenllian, wife of Seneschal Ednyfed Fychan, he would also become an ancestor of the House of Tudor, House of Stuart, as well as the current reigning House of Windsor.[6]

Arms

Coat of arms of Cadelling
Notes
There is no contemporaneous record of the arms of this dynasty. They first appear used by Richard Talbot, 2nd Baron Talbot, whose mother was Gwenllian, a daughter of Rhys Mechyll ap Rhys Gryg of this family. Richard was found to be heir of his cousin Llywelyn ap Rhys Fychan ap Rhys Mechyll. Similarly, permission was asked in 1603 of Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury, for the exemplification of this coat to a certain Walter Jones of Worcester, who claimed descent from the Cadelling.[7][8]
Escutcheon
Gules, a lion rampant and a bordure indented Or.[9]

Before the Norman Conquest of England

After the Norman Conquest of England

Sources

  1. ^ Thomas Peter Ellis. "Welsh Tribal Law and Custom In The Middle Ages, Volume 1". McMaster University. p. 356. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  2. ^ R.A. Griffiths and P.R. Schofield, ed. (2011). Wales and the Welsh in the Middle Ages, Essays presented to J. Beverley Smith. University of Wales Press. p. 83. ISBN 9780708324479. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  3. ^ Sir John Edward Lloyd (1912). "A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest". archive.org. Longmans, Green. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  4. ^ "HYWEL DDA (Hywel the Good) (died 950), king and legislator". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  5. ^ R.A. Griffiths and P.R. Schofield, ed. (2011). Wales and the Welsh in the Middle Ages, Essays presented to J. Beverley Smith. University of Wales Press. ISBN 9780708324479. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  6. ^ Rees, D. pp. 38–39.
  7. ^ Siddons 1991, pp. 288–90
  8. ^ Siddons 1993, pp. 117–118
  9. ^ Siddons 1993, p. 117
  • Davies, John (2007). History of Wales. Penguin Books. London
  • Castles of Wales by John Davis, 6 apr 2022 - 252 pages
  • The Royal Families in Europe V by Lars Ulwencreutz - 742 pages
  • Gruffydd ap Nicholas and the rise of the House of Dinefwr, National Library of Wales, journal, page 256
  • The Longhunters: A Report on the History and Family of William Blevins Sr. of Virginia by Leslie W. Blevins Jr. apr 2012 · Xlibris Corporation, - 210 pages
  • Cardiganshire County History Volume 2: Medieval and Early Modern Cardiganshire (The Cardiganshire County History) by Geraint H. Jenkins, - 921 pages
  • Siddons, Michael Powell (1991). The Development of Welsh Heraldry. Vol. 1. Aberystwyth: National Library of Wales. ISBN 090715851X.
  • —— (1993). The Development of Welsh Heraldry. Vol. 2. Aberystwyth: National Library of Wales. ISBN 090715851X.
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