By-elections to the 45th Canadian Parliament

By-elections to the 45th Canadian Parliament
May 26, 2025 – present
4 seats in the House of Commons
1 by-election held, 3 by-elections pending
  First party Second party
 
Leader Pierre Poilievre Mark Carney
Party Conservative Liberal
Leader since September 10, 2022 March 9, 2025
Seats up 1 3[a]
Races won 1 0
Seat change 0 0
Popular vote 41,308 2,095
Percentage 80.86 4.10
Swing 1.98pp 7.57pp
  Third party Fourth party
 
Leader Don Davies
(interim) 		Yves-François Blanchet
Party New Democratic Bloc Québécois
Leader since May 5, 2025 January 17, 2019
Seats up 0 0
Races won 0 0
Seat change 0 0
Popular vote 1,061 —
Percentage 2.08 —
Swing 1.10pp —
Seat change summary in
the House of Commons
343 seats in the House of Commons
172 seats needed for a majority
Party Leader Seats +/–
Liberal Mark Carney 170 +1
Conservative Pierre Poilievre 141 −3
Bloc Québécois Yves-François Blanchet 22 0
New Democratic Don Davies (interim) 6 −1
Green Elizabeth May (outgoing) 1 0
Vacant N/A 3 +3
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.

By-elections to the 45th Canadian Parliament are held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 2025 federal election and the 46th federal election. The 45th Canadian Parliament has existed since 2025 with the membership of its House of Commons having been determined by the results of the Canadian federal election held on April 28, 2025. The Liberal Party of Canada has a minority government during this Parliament. The Conservative Party of Canada forms the Official Opposition.

A writ for a by-election must be dropped no sooner than 11 days and no later than 180 days after the chief electoral officer is officially notified of a vacancy via a warrant issued by the Speaker. Under the Canada Elections Act, the minimum length of a campaign is 36 days between dropping the writ and election day, but must not exceed 50 days and the by-election must occur on a Monday within that time-frame.[1][2]

One by-election has been held during the 45th Parliament. It took place in the electoral district of:

  • Battle River—Crowfoot, (Alberta), following Conservative MP Damien Kurek's announcement of his pending resignation of his seat on May 2, 2025 to give Pierre Poilievre, the leader of the Conservative Party, an opportunity to re-enter parliament after Poilievre lost his seat in the federal election.[3] Kurek officially resigned on June 17, 2025 and the by-election has been called for August 18, 2025.[4]

Three by-elections are currently pending due to vacancies in the House of Commons:

A by-election is possible in the Toronto electoral district of Beaches—East York following Liberal MP Nate Erskine-Smith's announcement that he intends to contest the provincial Liberal nomination in Scarborough Southwest and seek a seat in the Ontario legislature.[8][9] A by-election is also possible in Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie as NDP MP Alexandre Boulerice is seeking the Québec solidaire nomination in Gouin for the next Quebec provincial election, expected in October 2026.[10]

Summary

Analysis of byelections by turnout and vote share for winning candidate (vs 2025)
Riding and winning party Turnout Vote share for winning candidate
% Change (pp) % Change (pp)
Battle River—Crowfoot █ Conservative Hold 58.82 -17.67
 
 80.40 -2.44
 
University—Rosedale To be determined
Scarborough Southwest To be determined
Terrebonne To be determined

Overview

Electoral district Date vacated Date writ issued By-election date Previous incumbent Party Cause Winner Party Retained
Battle River—Crowfoot June 17, 2025
(vacant for 61 days) 		June 30, 2025 August 18, 2025 Damien Kurek Conservative Resigned to provide a seat for Pierre Poilievre. Pierre Poilievre Conservative Yes
University—Rosedale January 9, 2026
(vacant for 70 days) 		March 8, 2026 April 13, 2026 Chrystia Freeland Liberal Resigned after her appointment as an economic adviser to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. TBD TBD TBD
Scarborough Southwest February 2, 2026
(vacant for 46 days) 		March 8, 2026 April 13, 2026 Bill Blair Liberal Resigned after appointment as Canada's high commissioner to the U.K. TBD TBD TBD
Terrebonne February 13, 2026
Warrant issued February 16, 2026
(vacant for 35 days) 		March 8, 2026 April 13, 2026 Tatiana Auguste Liberal Previous election result declared void by Supreme Court due to an error by Elections Canada in preparing mail-in ballots.[7] TBD TBD TBD

August 18, 2025 by-election

Battle River—Crowfoot

A by-election was called in the federal riding of Battle River—Crowfoot, and was held on August 18, 2025, following the resignation of Conservative MP Damien Kurek. Kurek, who secured re-election with over 80% of the vote in the 2025 federal election on April 28, resigned his seat on June 17. This was done to allow Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre an opportunity to return to Parliament through a by-election after he was unseated in the 2025 Canadian federal election.[11][12]

The writ for the by-election was drawn up on June 30, 2025 with the date of the vote set for August 18 in order to avoid a conflict with Alberta Heritage Day earlier in the month.[13]

Canadian federal by-election, August 18, 2025: Battle River—Crowfoot
Resignation of Damien Kurek
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Pierre Poilievre 41,308 80.86 -1.98
Independent Bonnie Critchley 5,018 9.82 –
Liberal Darcy Spady 2,095 4.10 -7.57
New Democratic Katherine Swampy 1,061 2.08 -1.10
United Grant Abraham 757 1.48 –
People's Jonathan Bridges 138 0.27 -1.31
Green Ashley MacDonald 116 0.23 -0.50
Libertarian Michael Harris 103 0.20 –
Christian Heritage Jeff Willerton 92 0.18 –
Independent Sarah Spanier 49 0.10 –
Marijuana Kenneth Kirk 40 0.08 –
Centrist Ahmed Hassan 15 0.03 –
Independent Bert William Westergard 11 0.02 –
Independent Breccan Zimmer 11 0.02 –
Independent Dillon Anderson 10 0.02 –
Independent Nicole Betts 7 0.01 –
Independent Nickolas Meuters-Murphy 7 0.01 –
Independent Diane Prentice 7 0.01 –
Independent Glen Armstrong 6 0.01 –
Independent Caitlyn Baker 6 0.01 –
Independent Lisa Parsons 6 0.01 –
Independent Jason Buzzell 5 0.01 –
Independent Jenny Cartwright 5 0.01 –
Independent Deborah Chalmers 5 0.01 –
Independent William Grant 5 0.01 –
Independent Paul Jones 5 0.01 –
Independent Brennen Perry 5 0.01 –
Independent Anthony Perullo 5 0.01 –
Independent Myles René Laurent St. Pierre 5 0.01 –
Independent Fraser Anderson 4 0.01 –
Independent Rebecca Boyce 4 0.01 –
Independent Pierre Gauthier 4 0.01 –
Independent Preston Hoff 4 0.01 –
Independent Mark Ruthenberg 4 0.01 –
Independent Ceilidh Stewart 4 0.01 –
Independent Danica Boe 3 0.01 –
Independent Aaron Bowles 3 0.01 –
Independent Sarah Burke 3 0.01 –
Independent David Cherniak 3 0.01 –
Independent John Dale 3 0.01 –
Independent Emily Goose 3 0.01 –
Independent Corey Hales 3 0.01 –
Independent Grace Pender 3 0.01 –
Independent Noah Reid 3 0.01 –
Independent David Sader 3 0.01 –
Independent Molly Sun 3 0.01 –
Independent Nicola Zoghbi 3 0.01 –
Independent Alex Banks 2 0.00 –
Independent Stacy Lynn Billingsley 2 0.00 –
Independent Marten Borch 2 0.00 –
Independent Jakeb Brown 2 0.00 –
Independent Annelies Cooper 2 0.00 –
Independent Hannah DeWolfe 2 0.00 –
Independent Elizabeth Dupuis 2 0.00 –
Independent Kenneth Durham 2 0.00 –
Independent Michael Dyck 2 0.00 –
Independent Katherine Dyson 2 0.00 –
Independent Michael Louis Fitzgerald 2 0.00 –
Independent Daniel Gagnon 2 0.00 –
Independent Kerri Hildebrandt 2 0.00 –
Independent Elsie Kipp 2 0.00 –
Independent Chris Kowalchuk 2 0.00 –
Independent Johnson Hon Wa Lee 2 0.00 –
Independent Maria Light 2 0.00 –
Independent Derek Adam MacKay 2 0.00 –
Independent Jeffrey McLean 2 0.00 –
Independent Riley Moss 2 0.00 –
Independent Kimberley Nugent 2 0.00 –
Independent Alexander Panchuk 2 0.00 –
Independent Yagya Parihar 2 0.00 –
Independent Samuel Pignedoli 2 0.00 –
Independent Lorant Polya 2 0.00 –
Independent Jayson Roy 2 0.00 –
Independent Adam Smith 2 0.00 –
Independent Patrick Strzalkowski 2 0.00 –
Independent Callan Wassenaar 2 0.00 –
Independent Jeremy Wedel 2 0.00 –
Independent Hazel Westwood 2 0.00 –
Independent Nicholas Ashmore 1 0.00 –
Independent Michael Bednarski 1 0.00 –
Independent Lilia Boisvert 1 0.00 –
Independent Alain Bourgault 1 0.00 –
Independent Eva Bowering 1 0.00 –
Independent Joshua Brauner 1 0.00 –
Independent Alexandre Brochu 1 0.00 –
Independent Chun Chen 1 0.00 –
Independent Shawn Clendining 1 0.00 –
Independent Lindsay Elaine Shyla Colosimo 1 0.00 –
Independent Dylan Colquhoun 1 0.00 –
Independent Jayson Cowan 1 0.00 –
Independent Michael Davis 1 0.00 –
Independent Geneviève Dorval 1 0.00 –
Independent Jordan Drew 1 0.00 –
Independent Murray Dunham 1 0.00 –
Independent Eric Duong 1 0.00 –
Independent Mark Eccleston 1 0.00 –
Independent Jeremy Edwards 1 0.00 –
Independent Allison Fanjoy 1 0.00 –
Independent Gabriel Finn 1 0.00 –
Independent Hubert Fischer 1 0.00 –
Independent Matthew Gillies 1 0.00 –
Independent Peter Gorman 1 0.00 –
Independent Jacqueline Grabowski 1 0.00 –
Independent Andrew Guenther 1 0.00 –
Independent Blake Hamilton 1 0.00 –
Independent Jason Hodgson 1 0.00 –
Independent Dakota Hourie 1 0.00 –
Independent Uneeb Islam 1 0.00 –
Independent Michael Jones 1 0.00 –
Independent Richard Kenkel 1 0.00 –
Independent Madison Kennedy 1 0.00 –
Independent Abraham Lau 1 0.00 –
Independent Charles Lemieux 1 0.00 –
Independent Robert Marsden 1 0.00 –
Independent Agnieszka Marszalek 1 0.00 –
Independent Geoffrey Meens 1 0.00 –
Independent Sophia Nguyen 1 0.00 –
Independent Pascal Noël 1 0.00 –
Independent Steve Oates 1 0.00 –
Independent Lény Painchaud 1 0.00 –
Independent Lanna Palsson 1 0.00 –
Independent Céline Paquin 1 0.00 –
Independent Meagan Roberge 1 0.00 –
Independent Melanie Roberge 1 0.00 –
Independent Mark Russell 1 0.00 –
Independent Kayll Schaefer 1 0.00 –
Independent Hakim Sheriff 1 0.00 –
Independent Eric Shorten 1 0.00 –
Independent Bradley Stewart 1 0.00 –
Independent Mário Stocco 1 0.00 –
Independent Faith Tabladillo 1 0.00 –
Independent Alex Vallée 1 0.00 –
Independent Dennis Vanmeer 1 0.00 –
Independent Bryan Wang 1 0.00 –
Independent Joshua Wong 1 0.00 –
Independent Yao ZhangLi 1 0.00 –
Independent David Zhu 1 0.00 –
Independent Barry Zukewich 1 0.00 –
Independent Marthalee Aykroyd 0 0.00 –
Independent Line Bélanger 0 0.00 –
Independent Michel Bélanger 0 0.00 –
Independent Jeani Boudreault 0 0.00 –
Independent Jeffery Brazeau 0 0.00 –
Independent Bo Cai 0 0.00 –
Independent Cameron Campos 0 0.00 –
Independent Nicolas Champagne 0 0.00 –
Independent Jaël Champagne Gareau 0 0.00 –
Independent Claude Cordon Pichilla 0 0.00 –
Independent Tristan Dell 0 0.00 –
Independent Gerrit Dogger 0 0.00 –
Independent Abel Erazo-Ibarra 0 0.00 –
Independent Tracy Farber 0 0.00 –
Independent Brian Farrenkopf 0 0.00 –
Independent Thomas Fitzgerald 0 0.00 –
Independent Connor Fullerton 0 0.00 –
Independent Jordan Gerrard 0 0.00 –
Independent Eric Gilmour 0 0.00 –
Independent Laurie Goble 0 0.00 –
Independent David Patrick Greene 0 0.00 –
Independent Nicolette Gross 0 0.00 –
Independent Kathleen Gudmundsson 0 0.00 –
Independent Richard Haley 0 0.00 –
Independent Kazimir Haykowsky 0 0.00 –
Independent Iriella Hicks 0 0.00 –
Independent Loren Hicks 0 0.00 –
Independent Seyed Hosseini Lavasani 0 0.00 –
Independent Glendyn Howse 0 0.00 –
Independent Ryan Huard 0 0.00 –
Independent Jack Jean-Louis 0 0.00 –
Independent Derek Jouppi 0 0.00 –
Independent Erich Jurgens 0 0.00 –
Independent Elza Kephart 0 0.00 –
Independent Dannielle Konkle 0 0.00 –
Independent Solomon Krygier-Paine 0 0.00 –
Independent Andrew Kulas 0 0.00 –
Independent Samuel Lafontaine 0 0.00 –
Independent Alain Lamontagne 0 0.00 –
Independent Eric Laverdure 0 0.00 –
Independent Jocelyn LeBlanc-Courchaine 0 0.00 –
Independent Alexander Lein 0 0.00 –
Independent Renée Lemieux 0 0.00 –
Independent Jeffrey Leroux 0 0.00 –
Independent Litma Kai Ching Leung 0 0.00 –
Independent Cedric Ludlow 0 0.00 –
Independent Jennifer Margaret Mackenzie-Miller 0 0.00 –
Independent Nicolas Maltais 0 0.00 –
Independent Kevin Manzano 0 0.00 –
Independent Eric March 0 0.00 –
Independent Devin McManus 0 0.00 –
Independent Robert Melting Tallow 0 0.00 –
Independent Joanne L Metters 0 0.00 –
Independent Nicholas Mew 0 0.00 –
Independent Mark Moutter 0 0.00 –
Independent Rob Mumford 0 0.00 –
Independent Molly Munn 0 0.00 –
Independent Sam Nabi 0 0.00 –
Independent John Francis O'Flynn 0 0.00 –
Independent Clifford Pine 0 0.00 –
Independent Brian Ramchandar 0 0.00 –
Independent Spencer Rocchi 0 0.00 –
Independent Wallace Richard Rowat 0 0.00 –
Independent Barry Rueger 0 0.00 –
Independent Chris Scrimes 0 0.00 –
Independent Charles Douglas Sleep 0 0.00 –
Independent Julie St-Amand 0 0.00 –
Independent Pascal St-Amand 0 0.00 –
Independent Andi Sweet 0 0.00 –
Independent Corinne Unrau 0 0.00 –
Independent Tyson Warner 0 0.00 –
Independent Simon John Edwin Wedel 0 0.00 –
Independent Michaiah Williams 0 0.00 –
Independent Brian Wishart 0 0.00 –
Independent Michael Wisniewski 0 0.00 –
Independent Belinda Christine Young 0 0.00 –
Total valid votes 51,085 99.59 –
Total rejected ballots 211 0.41 -0.19
Turnout 51,296 59.83 -16.66
Eligible voters 85,736 –
Conservative hold Swing –
Source: Elections Canada[14]

April 13, 2026 by-elections

Nominations close on March 23, at 2 pm local time.[15]

University—Rosedale

Main article: 2026 University—Rosedale federal by-election

A by-election will be held in the federal riding of University—Rosedale in Ontario, Canada, following the January 9, 2026 resignation of incumbent Liberal MP Chrystia Freeland due to her accepting a position as economic advisor to the Office of the President of Ukraine.[16][17]

The Chief Electoral Officer of Canada received formal notification of the vacancy from the Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada on January 9, 2026. The date of the by-election must be announced between January 20 and July 8, 2026. The by-election must be held on a Monday, at least 36 days but no more than 50 days after the day the by-election is announced. Accordingly, the earliest date that University—Rosedale by-election could have been held was March 2, 2026.[18]

The Liberals announced Danielle Martin as their candidate on January 31.[19]

Serena Purdy, the NDP candidate in this riding in the 2025 federal election, announced on March 3 that she would be the party's candidate.[20]

The Greens announced candidate Andrew Massey on February 12.[21]

Independent Adam Golding announced his candidacy in mid-February; he previously finished last in the riding in the 2025 federal election.[22]

The Centrist Party announced Imran Khan as their candidate on February 16;[23] Khan previously ran in Scarborough Southwest in the 2025 federal election.

The Conservatives announced Don Hodgson as their candidate on March 11.[24]

Canadian federal by-election, April 13, 2026: University—Rosedale
Resignation of Chrystia Freeland
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Liberal Danielle Martin
Conservative Don Hodgson
New Democratic Serena Purdy
Green Andrew Massey
Communist
Marxist–Leninist
Centrist Imran Khan
People's Andy D’Andrea
Independent Adam Golding
Independent Bill Whatcott
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total rejected ballots
Turnout
Eligible voters
Source:

Scarborough Southwest

Main article: 2026 Scarborough Southwest federal by-election

A by-election will be held in the federal riding of Scarborough Southwest in Ontario, Canada, following the announced resignation of incumbent Liberal MP Bill Blair on February 2, 2026.[25]

The Chief Electoral Officer of Canada received formal notification of the vacancy from the Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada on February 2, 2026. The date of the by-election must be announced between February 13 and August 1, 2026. The by-election must be held on a Monday, at least 36 days but no more than 50 days after the day the by-election is announced. Accordingly, the earliest date that the Scarborough Southwest by-election could be held is March 23, 2026.[6]

The Liberals announced Ontario NDP deputy leader and MPP Doly Begum as their candidate on February 3.[26]

The New Democratic Party is running Fatima Shaban, who was also the party's candidate in 2025.[27]

The Greens announced Pooja Malhotra as their candidate on February 12.[21]

The Centrist Party announced Lyall Sanders as their candidate on February 21.[28]

Canadian federal by-election, April 13, 2026: Scarborough Southwest
Resignation of Bill Blair
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Liberal Doly Begum
Conservative Diana Filipova
New Democratic Fatima Shaban
Green Pooja Malhotra
People's Peter Koubakis
Centrist Lyall Sanders
Marxist–Leninist
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total rejected ballots
Turnout
Eligible voters
Source:

Terrebonne

Main article: 2026 Terrebonne federal by-election

A by-election will be held in the federal riding of Terrebonne in Quebec, Canada, after the Supreme Court of Canada, on February 13, 2026, reversed a lower court ruling denying an appeal by a Bloc Québécois candidate, who lost the federal election in Terrebonne riding by a single vote, vacating the seat won by Liberal MP Tatiana Auguste and triggering a byelection. The annulment was due to a printing error by Elections Canada on a return envelope for mail-in ballots which resulted in an envelope containing a vote for the Bloc Québécois candidate being returned to sender after the election.[29]

Canadian federal by-election, April 13, 2026: Terrebonne
2025 result annulled by Supreme Court
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Tatiana Auguste
Bloc Québécois Nathalie Sinclair-Desgagné
Conservative Adrienne Charles
New Democratic Maxime Beaudoin
Green Benjamin Rankin
People's Maria Cantore
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total rejected ballots
Turnout
Eligible voters
Source:

Notes

  1. ^ Includes 3 currently vacant seats

References

  1. ^ "Journalists vying for seat in Commons shows politics changing: Spector". The Hill Times. August 12, 2013. Retrieved May 6, 2025.
  2. ^ "A Federal Seat is Vacant in Battle River–Crowfoot". Elections Canada. June 18, 2025.
  3. ^ Levitz, Stephanie; Haws, Emily (May 2, 2025). "Pierre Poilievre to run for Alberta seat after losing riding". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved May 2, 2025.
  4. ^ "Roles - Damien C. Kurek - Current and Past - Members of Parliament - House of Commons of Canada". www.ourcommons.ca. Archived from the original on May 20, 2025. Retrieved June 18, 2025.
  5. ^ Tunney, Catherine (January 5, 2026). "Freeland to step down in 'coming weeks' after accepting role advising Ukraine's Zelenskyy". CBC News. Retrieved January 5, 2026.
  6. ^ a b "A Federal Seat Is Vacant in Scarborough Southwest". Elections Canada. February 4, 2026. Retrieved February 4, 2026.
  7. ^ a b Major, Darren (February 13, 2026). "Supreme Court nullifies Liberal single-vote election win in Montreal-area riding". CBC News. Retrieved February 13, 2026.
  8. ^ "How one defection to Mark Carney's Liberals set off a political earthquake at Queen's Park". Toronto Star. February 3, 2026. Retrieved February 3, 2026.
  9. ^ Lavoie, Joanna (February 3, 2026). "Toronto MP Nathaniel Erskine-Smith plans to run for Ontario Liberal leader". CP24. Retrieved February 4, 2026.
  10. ^ Robitaille, Antoine (February 17, 2026). "Boulerice veut être candidat QS, mais il n'a pas le bon sexe". Le Journal de Montréal. Retrieved February 17, 2026.
  11. ^ "Conservative MP resigns seat so Poilievre can run in Alberta byelection". CTV News. The Canadian Press. June 17, 2025. Retrieved June 17, 2025.
  12. ^ "UPDATE: MP Damien Kurek to resign, allowing Poilievre to run in Battle River-Crowfoot by-election". Nelson Star. May 2, 2025. Retrieved May 2, 2025.
  13. ^ Levesque, Catherine (June 29, 2025). "Carney set to call mid-August Alberta byelection, clearing Poilievre's path to a new seat". National Post. Retrieved June 29, 2025.
  14. ^ "August 18, 2025 By-election Election Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved August 26, 2025.
  15. ^ Stephens, Matthew (March 9, 2025). "Federal byelection in Scarborough Southwest to take place on April 13". Beach Metro Community News. Retrieved March 13, 2026.
  16. ^ Levitz, Stephanie (January 5, 2026). "Freeland says she will resign as MP in coming weeks after being appointed Zelensky's adviser". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved January 6, 2026.
  17. ^ "Chrystia Freeland to step down as MP on Friday". CBC News. January 7, 2026. Retrieved January 7, 2026.
  18. ^ "A Federal Seat Is Vacant in University–Rosedale". Elections Canada. January 9, 2026. Retrieved February 2, 2026.
  19. ^ Steven, Benjamin Lopez (January 31, 2026). "Liberals announce Danielle Martin will be their candidate for University-Rosedale byelection". CBC News. Retrieved February 3, 2026.
  20. ^ Purdy, Serena [@serena__purdy]; (March 3, 2026). "I'm honoured to announce that I will be your candidate for the NDP in the upcoming federal by-election in University-Rosedale. [...]". Retrieved March 8, 2026 – via Instagram.
  21. ^ a b "Green Party of Canada Announces Candidates for Expected Toronto By-Elections". Green Party of Canada. February 12, 2026. Retrieved March 3, 2026.
  22. ^ Adams, Will (February 13, 2026). "Independent Candidate Enters University—Rosedale By-Election With Ambitious Platform, Steep Climb". Provincial Times. Retrieved March 3, 2026.
  23. ^ CENTRIST PARTY CANADA/Parti Centriste du Canada [@@CentristCa] (February 16, 2026). "Imran Khan will be the #Centrist Party Candidate for the By-Election in the University-Rosedale Riding, Toronto" (Tweet). Retrieved March 2, 2026 – via X (formerly Twitter).
  24. ^ "Conservatives nominate candidates for two coming byelections". The Canadian Press. March 11, 2026. Retrieved March 11, 2026.
  25. ^ Press, The Canadian (February 2, 2026). "Bill Blair resigning seat, will become next high commissioner to U.K." CTV News. Retrieved February 2, 2026.
  26. ^ Liberal Party [@liberal_party] (February 3, 2026). "[...] Doly Begum [...] our Liberal candidate in the upcoming federal by-election [...]" (Tweet). Retrieved February 3, 2026 – via X (formerly Twitter).
  27. ^ Lopez Steven, Benjamin (March 8, 2026). "Carney calls byelections in Quebec riding of Terrebonne, 2 Toronto ridings". CBC News. Retrieved March 8, 2026.
  28. ^ CENTRIST PARTY CANADA/Parti Centriste du Canada [@CentristCa] (February 21, 2026). "Lyall Sanders is the #Centrist Party candidate for the by-election in Scarborough South-West riding, Toronto" (Tweet). Retrieved March 2, 2026 – via X (formerly Twitter).
  29. ^ "Supreme Court of Canada annuls single-vote win in Terrebonne riding, vacating seat". Montreal Gazette. February 13, 2026. Retrieved February 13, 2026.
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