Brudenell White
Sir Brudenell White | |
|---|---|
General Sir Brudenell White in March 1940 | |
| Born | 23 September 1876 St Arnaud, Victoria |
| Died | 13 August 1940 (aged 63) Canberra, Australian Capital Territory |
| Allegiance | Australia |
| Branch | Australian Army |
| Service years | 1896–1923 1940 |
| Rank | General |
| Commands | Chief of the General Staff |
| Conflicts | |
| Awards | Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order Distinguished Service Order Mentioned in Despatches (8) Medal for Merit (Montenegro) Croix de Guerre (Belgium) Grand Officer of the Military Order of Aviz (Portugal) Croix de Guerre (France) Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd Class (Japan) |
| Other work | Chairman of the Public Service Board |
General Sir Cyril Brudenell Bingham White, KCB, KCMG, KCVO, DSO (23 September 1876 – 13 August 1940), more commonly known as Sir Brudenell White or C. B. B. White, was a senior officer in the Australian Army who served as Chief of the General Staff from 1920 to 1923 and again from March to August 1940, when he was killed in the Canberra air disaster.[1]
Early life and career
White was born in St Arnaud, Victoria, on 23 September 1876. He joined the colonial militia force in Queensland in 1896, and served in the Second Boer War with the Australian Commonwealth Horse.[2] In 1901 he became a founding member of the new Australian Army, and in 1906 was the first Australian officer to attend the British staff college. In 1912 he returned to Australia and became Director of Military Operations, at a time when Andrew Fisher's Labor government was expanding Australia's defence capacity.
First World War
When the First World War broke out in August 1914, White supervised the first contingents of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) to go the front.[3] During the Gallipoli campaign, he was chief of staff to Major General Sir William Bridges and then to Major General William Birdwood, gaining the rank of brigadier general in October.[4] He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) for his actions during the opening phase of the campaign. The citation for the medal, appearing in The Edinburgh Gazette in July 1915, reads as follows:
During the operations near Gaba Tepe on 25th April 1915, and subsequently for his distinguished service in co-ordinating staff work, and in reorganisation after the inevitable dislocation and confusion arising from the first landing operations. He displayed exceptional ability.[5]
After the early 1916 evacuation from Gallipoli which he masterminded as "The Silence Ruse", he was Brigadier General, General Staff (BGGS) of I ANZAC Corps in France, arriving there late in March.[1] In the battle for the Pozières Heights in late July 1916 which ended in failure, the commander of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front, General Sir Douglas Haig, found fault with Birdwood and White.[1]
White was promoted to the temporary rank of major general in January 1917.[1]
Between the wars
After the war White was appointed Chief of the General Staff from 1920 until his retirement in 1923. In the same year he was appointed chairman of the newly constituted Commonwealth Public Service Board, supervising the transfer of departments from Melbourne to the new capital, Canberra. In 1928 he chose not to move to Canberra, declining a further term with the Public Service Board in order to remain close to his home and grazing property "Woodnaggerak" near Buangor, Victoria.
Second World War and death
In 1940, as Australia mobilised the Second Australian Imperial Force to take part in the Second World War, White, although doubting himself and believing himself to be "out of date", was nevertheless recalled to service at the age of 63, promoted to general, and re-appointed Chief of the General Staff, after his predecessor, Lieutenant General Ernest Squires, had died in office. Among his first acts in his new position was to recommend Lieutenant General Thomas Blamey to command the Second AIF.[1] In April he urged for Blamey and the 7th Division to join the 6th Division, which was already overseas. In the next few weeks, while the Battle of France was well underway, he recommended that the Second AIF be sent to assist the Allies on the Western Front.[1]
The length of White's appointment was destined to be short-lived, as the new CGS was aboard the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) plane that crashed in the Canberra air disaster on 13 August 1940, killing all aboard, which included three Federal ministers.[1]
White was highly regarded by many of his generation, with Monash in particular describing him as "far and away the ablest soldier Australia had ever turned out".[6]
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g Grey, Jeffrey (1990). "Sir Cyril Brudenell White (1876–1940)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 12. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. pp. 460–463. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
- ^ Dennis et al 2008, p. 59.
- ^ "First World War Service Record – Cyril Brudenell Bingham White". National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
- ^ "No. 29352". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 November 1915. p. 10897.
- ^ "No. 12826". The Edinburgh Gazette. 6 July 1915. p. 976.
- ^ Serle, Percival (1949). "White, Cyril Brudenell Bingham". Dictionary of Australian Biography. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
References
- Derham, Rosemary, "The Silence Ruse", Cliffe Books 1998, ISBN 0-9585369-1-0
- Dennis, Peter; et al. (2008). The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History (Second ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press Australia & New Zealand. ISBN 978-0-19-551784-2.
- General Cyril Brudenell Bingham White, KCB, KCMG, KCVO, DSO Archived 13 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine Biography at the Australian War Memorial