Bromsgroveia
| Bromsgroveia Temporal range: Middle Triassic,
~ | |
|---|---|
| Cast of the holotype ilium | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Clade: | Pseudosuchia |
| Clade: | Paracrocodylomorpha |
| Clade: | †Poposauroidea |
| Family: | †Ctenosauriscidae |
| Genus: | †Bromsgroveia Galton, 1985 |
| Type species | |
| †Bromsgroveia walkeri Galton, 1985
| |
Bromsgroveia is an extinct genus of predatory ctenosauriscid archosaur from the Middle Triassic Bromsgrove Sandstone of England. Ctenosauriscids were a group of rauisuchians that was related to the ancestors of modern crocodiles and alligators.[1]
Discovery and naming
The holotype is a right ilium (WM G3a, b; cast as NHMUK PV R 2549) and it was collected from Coton Green Quarry, Warwickshire where the Bromsgrove Sandstone can be found. Owen (1842) assigned WM G3a alongside remains now known to belong to the Mastodonsauridae to Labyrinthodon pachygnathus (now Mastodonsaurus); Owen believed it was a large frog.[2] A cast of the ilium was made around 1895 which was sent to the NHMUK.
Galton (1985) named and described Bromsgroveia walkeri based on WM G3a as the holotype, and he also classified it into Rauisuchia. Galton also referred additional material collected from the same locality, including a sacrum (WM G2.1, 2), a first caudal vertebra (WM G2.5), and a left ischium (WM G2.970) as paratypes.[1] Further remains found during the 1980s and 1990s included mid-cervical, dorsal, and caudal vertebrae, an ischium, and isolated teeth collected from the Bromsgrove Sandstone at Warwick, Leamington Spa, and Bromsgrove; they were described in a revision of the Bromsgroveia genus by Galton & Walker (1996).[3]
Classification
Bromsgroveia was closely related to Ctenosauriscus, and together with a few other genera they make up Ctenosauriscidae. The ctenosauriscids were closely related to the poposaurids, as shown by a few shared derived characteristics.[4] The pelvic girdle in Bromsgroveia unites this taxon with Ctenosauriscus, Lotosaurus, Arizonasaurus, and Hypselorhachis.[5]
Below is a phylogenetic cladogram simplified from Butler et al. in 2011 showing the cladistics of Archosauriformes, focusing mostly on Pseudosuchia:[6]
| Poposauroidea |
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References
- ^ a b Galton, P.M. (1985). "The poposaurid thecodontian Teratosaurus suevicus v. Meyer, plus referred specimens mostly based on prosauropod dinosaurs, from the Middle Stubensandstein (Upper Triassic) of Nordwürttemberg". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 116: 1–29.
- ^ OWEN, RICHARD (1842). "XXXII.— Description of parts of the Skeleton and Teeth of five species of the Genus Labyrinthodon (Lab. leptognathus, Lab. pachygnathus, and Lab. ventricosus, from the Coton-end and Cubbington Quarries of the Lower Warwick Sandstone ; Lab. Jægeri, from Guy's Cliff, Warwick; and Lab. scutulatus, from Leamington ) ; with remarks on the probable identity of the Cheirotherium with this genus of extinct Batrachians.". Transactions of the Geological Society of London. 6 (2): 515–543. doi:10.1144/transgslb.6.2.515. ISSN 2042-5295.
- ^ Galton, Peter M.; Walker, Alick D. (1996-11-29). "Bromsgroveia from the Middle Triassic of England, the earliest record of a poposaurid thecodontian reptile (Archosauria: Rauisuchia)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 201 (3): 303–325. doi:10.1127/njgpa/201/1996/303. ISSN 0077-7749.
- ^ Nesbitt, S.J. (2003). "Arizonasaurus and its implications for archosaur divergence". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 270 (Suppl 2): S234–S237. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0066. PMC 1809943. PMID 14667392.
- ^ Nesbitt, S.J. (2005). "Osteology of the Middle Triassic pseudosuchian archosaur Arizonasaurus babbitti". Historical Biology. 8 (1): 19–47. Bibcode:2005HBio...17...19N. doi:10.1080/08912960500476499. S2CID 84326151.
- ^ Butler, R.J.; Brusatte, S.J.; Reich, M.; Nesbitt, S.J.; Schoch, R.R.; Hornung, J.J. (2011). Andrew A. Farke (ed.). "The Sail-Backed Reptile Ctenosauriscus from the Latest Early Triassic of Germany and the Timing and Biogeography of the Early Archosaur Radiation". PLOS ONE. 6 (10) e25693. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...625693B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025693. PMC 3194824. PMID 22022431.