Bigyromonad

Bigyromonad
	Light and transmission electron microscopy images of Develorapax marinus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Sar
Clade:	Stramenopiles
Clade:	Pseudofungi
Phylum:	Bigyromonadea; Cavalier-Smith, 1997
Classes
	Developea; Pirsonea;
Synonyms
	Bigyromonada Cavalier-Smith, 1998;

Bigyromonads (formally known as Bigyromonadea or Bigyromonada) are a lineage of single-celled non-photosynthetic stramenopiles that contains two distinct groups: Developea, free-living phagotrophic predators, and Pirsoniales, parasitoids of diatoms.^[2]^[3]

Description

Bigyromonads are single-celled protists composed of biciliate cells with two heterokont flagella. They feed on bacteria through phagotrophy. They are marine organisms.^[4]

Taxonomy

Class Developea Karpov and Aleoshin, 2016^[5]
- Order Developayellales Doweld, 2001 [Developayellida Cavalier-Smith, 1987]
  - Family Developayellaceae Cavalier-Smith, 1997 [Developayellidae]
    - Developayella Tong, 1995
      - D. elegans Tong, 1995
    - Develorapax Karpov and Aleoshin in Aleoshin et al., 2016
      - D. marinus Karpov and Aleoshin in Aleoshin et al., 2016
    - Cubaremonas Tikhonenkov, Cho, and Keeling in Cho et al., 2022
      - C. variflagellatum Tikhonenkov, Cho, and Keeling in Cho et al., 2022
    - Develocanicus Tikhonenkov, Cho, Mylnikov, and Keeling in Cho et al., 2022
      - D. komovi Tikhonenkov, Cho, Mylnikov, and Keeling in Cho et al., 2022
      - D. vyazemskyi Tikhonenkov, Cho, Mylnikov, and Keeling in Cho et al., 2022
    - Develocauda Tikhonenkov, Cho, and Keeling in Cho et al., 2022
      - D. condao Tikhonenkov, Cho, and Keeling in Cho et al., 2022
Class Pirsonea Cavalier-Smith, 2018
- Order Pirsoniales Cavalier-Smith, 1998 emend. Prokina et al., 2024 [Pirsoniida Cavalier-Smith and Chao, 2006]
  - Feodosia Prokina et al., 2024
    - F. pseudopoda Prokina et al., 2024
  - Koktebelia Prokina et al., 2024
    - K. satura Prokina et al., 2024
  - Bordeauxia Prokina et al., 2024
    - B. parva Prokina et al., 2024
  - Bullionia Prokina et al., 2024
    - B. fluviatilis Prokina et al., 2024
  - Family Pirsoniaceae Cavalier-Smith, 1998 emend. Prokina et al., 2024
    - Pirsonia Schnepf et al., 1990
      - P. diadema Kühn, 1996
      - P. eucampiae Kühn, 1996
      - P. formosa Kühn, 1996
      - P. guinardie Schnepf, Debres and Elbrachter, 1990
      - P. punctigerae
      - P. verrucosa Kühn, 1996
      - P. chemainus Prokina et al., 2024
    - Noirmoutieria Prokina et al., 2024
      - N. diatomophaga Prokina et al., 2024

References

^ Cavalier-Smith, T. (1997-10-01). "Sagenista and bigyra, two phyla of heterotrophic heterokont chromists". Archiv für Protistenkunde. 148 (3): 253–267. doi:10.1016/S0003-9365(97)80006-1. ISSN 0003-9365.
^ Cho, Anna; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Hehenberger, Elisabeth; Karnkowska, Anna; Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Keeling, Patrick J. (2022-06-01). "Monophyly of diverse Bigyromonadea and their impact on phylogenomic relationships within stramenopiles". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 171 107468. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107468. ISSN 1055-7903.
^ Prokina, Kristina I.; Yubuki, Naoji; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Ciobanu, Maria Christina; López-García, Purificación; Moreira, David (2024). "Refurbishing the marine parasitoid order Pirsoniales with newly (re)described marine and freshwater free-living predators". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 71 (6) e13061. doi:10.1111/jeu.13061. ISSN 1550-7408. PMC 11603286. PMID 39350673.
^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (5 September 2017). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. PMC 5756292. PMID 28875267.
^ Aleoshin; et al. (2016), "Heterokont Predator Develorapax marinus gen. et sp. nov.- A Model of the Ochrophyte Ancestor", Front Microbiol, 7 (1194): 1194, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01194, PMC 4971089, PMID 27536283

External links

[1] Cavalier-Smith, T. (1997-10-01). "Sagenista and bigyra, two phyla of heterotrophic heterokont chromists". Archiv für Protistenkunde. 148 (3): 253–267. doi:10.1016/S0003-9365(97)80006-1. ISSN 0003-9365.

[2] Cho, Anna; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Hehenberger, Elisabeth; Karnkowska, Anna; Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Keeling, Patrick J. (2022-06-01). "Monophyly of diverse Bigyromonadea and their impact on phylogenomic relationships within stramenopiles". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 171 107468. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107468. ISSN 1055-7903.

[3] Prokina, Kristina I.; Yubuki, Naoji; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Ciobanu, Maria Christina; López-García, Purificación; Moreira, David (2024). "Refurbishing the marine parasitoid order Pirsoniales with newly (re)described marine and freshwater free-living predators". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 71 (6) e13061. doi:10.1111/jeu.13061. ISSN 1550-7408. PMC 11603286. PMID 39350673.

[Cavalier-Smith_2017-4] Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (5 September 2017). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. PMC 5756292. PMID 28875267.

[5] Aleoshin; et al. (2016), "Heterokont Predator Develorapax marinus gen. et sp. nov.- A Model of the Ochrophyte Ancestor", Front Microbiol, 7 (1194): 1194, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01194, PMC 4971089, PMID 27536283

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