Bertha Gifford
Bertha Gifford | |
|---|---|
| Born | Bertha Alice Williams 30 October 1871 Morse Mill, Missouri, U.S. |
| Died | (aged 79) Missouri State Hospital, #4, Missouri, U.S. |
| Criminal penalty | Committed to mental facility |
| Details | |
| Victims | 3–17 |
Span of crimes | 1900s–1928 |
| Country | United States |
| State | Missouri |
Date apprehended | 1928 |
Bertha Alice Williams Graham Gifford (October 30, 1871 – August 20, 1951)[1] was a farmwife in rural Catawissa, Missouri during the early 1900s who was accused of murdering three members of the local community and suspected in 15 additional deaths.[2] Some consider her to be America's fifth solo female serial killer, behind Belle Gunness, Lydia Sherman, Jane Toppan, and Nannie Doss.[3]
Personal life
Bertha Alice Williams was born in Morse Mill, Missouri,[1] the daughter of William Poindexter Williams and his wife Matilda, née Lee.[4] She was one of 10 children. She was married to Henry Graham[5] and this union produced one daughter, Lila. Following Graham's death,[6] she married Eugene Gifford[5] and they had one child, James.
Crimes
Gifford was renowned in her community for her cooking skills and caring for sick neighbors and relatives. Despite this, five people died in her care, prompting a grand jury investigation.[2] In 1928, Gifford was arrested at Eureka, Missouri[7] and charged with three murders. Following the exhumation and post-mortem exams of Edward Brinley and Elmer and Lloyd Schamel, the bodies were found to contain large amounts of arsenic.[8] Gifford was put on trial for their murders in Union, Missouri. Following the three-day trial, she was found not guilty by reason of insanity and committed to the Missouri State Hospital #4, a psychiatric institution,[9] where she remained until her death in 1951.[2]
Gifford acted as nurse for her sick neighbors, but 17 people died in her care. Suspicions were raised about an additional twelve deaths after the grand jury investigation of the five deaths.[2] Given the high mortality rates and the unregulated use of arsenic for medical and other purposes at the time, it is not certain that she intentionally killed people who had been in her care.[2]
See also
References
- ^ a b "Missouri Deaths" (PDF). Missouri. 1910–1960. Retrieved March 6, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e Wood, Larry (May 25, 2016). Wicked Women of Missouri. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9781625857392.
- ^ Murphy, S. Kay (2008). The Tainted Legacy of Bertha Gifford. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1530983483.
- ^ "Mrs. W.P. Williams". The Western Star ([probably] Coldwater, KS). August 24, 1923. Retrieved April 24, 2013. Obituary of Bertha Gifford's mother, as quoted on Rootsweb
- ^ a b "Jefferson County Missouri marriage licenses". Archived from the original on April 26, 2009. Retrieved January 30, 2009.
- ^ "Henry Graham obituary (Bertha Gifford's first husband and supposed first victim)". Archived from the original on April 26, 2009. Retrieved January 30, 2009.
- ^ St. Louis Post Dispatch
- ^ "Story of Murders Verified by Poison: Exhumation Substantiates How Man and Boys in Missouri Died". The Washington Post(1923-1954). Washington D.C. 1928 [09 October 1928]. p. 4.
- ^ "Reflections on Farmington State Hospital". The Daily Journal (Flat River, Missouri). April 24, 1987. Retrieved April 24, 2013. as quoted on Rootsweb