Malaysian United Indigenous Party

Malaysian United Indigenous Party
Malay nameParti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia
AbbreviationBERSATU / PPBM
PresidentMuhyiddin Yassin
ChairpersonMohd Suhaimi Abdullah
Secretary-GeneralMohamed Azmin Ali
SpokespersonTun Faisal Ismail Aziz
Acting Deputy Presidents
Vice Presidents
Youth ChiefMuhammad Hilman Idham
Women's ChiefNolee Ashilin Mohammed Radzi
Founders
Founded7 September 2016 (2016-09-07)[1][2]
Registered14 January 2017 (2017-01-14)[3]
Legalised14 January 2017 (2017-01-14)[4]
Split fromUnited Malays National Organisation (UMNO)
People's Justice Party (PKR) (Azmin Ali faction; 2020)
Preceded byPersatuan Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia
(United Indigenous Association of Malaysia)
HeadquartersTingkat 8, Menara Yayasan Selangor, No 18A Jalan Persiaran Barat PJS 52 46200 Petaling Jaya
Think tankInstitut Masa Depan Malaysia
Youth wingArmada BERSATU
Women's wingSrikandi BERSATU
Women's youth wingSrikandi Muda BERSATU
Membership (2024)700,000 (2024)[5]
Ideology
Political position
National affiliationPakatan Harapan (2017–2020)
Perikatan Nasional (since 2020)
Ikatan Prihatin Rakyat (since 2025)
Regional affiliationGabungan Rakyat Sabah (2020–2022)
Colours    Red and white
SloganBersatu, Beramanah, Bermaruah
(United, Trustworthy, Dignified)
AnthemPerjuangan Kita
Dewan Negara
1 / 70
Dewan Rakyat
19 / 222
State Legislative Assemblies
56 / 611
Chief ministers of states
1 / 13
Election symbol

(except in Kelantan and Terengganu)

(only in Kelantan and Terengganu)[7]
Party flag
Website
bersatu.org

The Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Malay: Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia; abbrev: BERSATU or PPBM) is a nationalist political party in Malaysia.[1] The party was preceded by the United Indigenous Association of Malaysia (Malay: Persatuan Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia) and founded by members of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) rebel group Gabungan Ketua Cawangan Malaysia. It is a major component of the Perikatan Nasional coalition.

Full membership in the party is limited only for Bumiputeras (indigenous communities of Malaysia). Non-Bumiputeras are permitted to join the party as associate members who are not eligible to vote and contest party elections.[8]

History

Formation

On 10 August 2016, former UMNO deputy president Muhyiddin Yassin submitted an application for the party's registration with himself as president, Mukhriz Mahathir as deputy president, and Mahathir Mohamad as chairman. BERSATU's formation was undertaken by former members of UMNO in opposition to the then-prime minister Najib Razak.[9]

On 12 November 2016, Mahathir announced that the party would join the Pakatan Harapan opposition coalition, which then consisted of Parti Keadilan Rakyat, the Democratic Action Party, and Parti Amanah Negara, pending the decision of the Malaysian Islamic Party, another opposition party. He expressed the need for a united opposition in order to defeat the incumbent Barisan Nasional government.[10][11] It officially joined the coalition on 13 December.[12]

Forming a Pakatan Harapan government

The 2018 general election saw the Pakatan Harapan coalition and its allies win 121 seats in the country's lower house of parliament, enough to form a majority government. BERSATU itself won 13 seats and garnered 5.9% of the vote. As the coalition's prime ministerial candidate,[13] Mahathir was sworn in as Malaysia's seventh prime minister at 93 years of age, becoming the world's oldest elected head of government.[14] Mahathir had previously held the position of prime minister from 1981 to 2003, during he led the Barisan Nasional coalition as leader of the United Malays National Organisation.[15]

In the aftermath of the election which ended Barisan Nasional's 60-year-long rule over the country, members of parliament, state assemblymen, and senators defected from UMNO to BERSATU. They included high-ranking UMNO politicians such as Mustapa Mohamed and Hamzah Zainudin, with the latter claiming 36 Barisan Nasional members of parliament had signed a pledge supporting Mahathir.[16] The party also benefitted from an exodus of members from UMNO's Sabah chapter, from which it gained In total, the party gained an additional 12 members of parliament and two senators from May 2018 to February 2019.[17][18][19]

Collapse of Pakatan and formation of Perikatan Nasional

Main article: 2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis

The government of Pakatan Harapan collapsed in February 2020 when Mahathir tendered his resignation as prime minister and the party announced its withdrawal from the coalition. This occurred against a backdrop of increasing tension within the coalition and speculation that Mahathir intended to form a new coalition that would exclude his designated successor, Anwar Ibrahim. With the loss of 26 members of parliament from BERSATU as well as an additional eleven members from Anwar's Parti Keadilan Rakyat, the coalition lost its majority in parliament.[20][21] The eleven rebel members of parliament, led by Mohamed Azmin Ali, later joined the party.[22]

Mahathir had also resigned as party chairman, a decision which the party's supreme council rejected unanimously in an emergency meeting.[23][24] Pakatan Harapan member parties also announced their support for Mahathir to remain as prime minister despite his resignation.

The formation of a new coalition government began when BERSATU announced that they would nominate party president Muhyiddin Yassin as prime minister,[25] although a supreme council member claimed he had neither been invited to discuss or informed about the decision.[26] This was followed by declarations of support from the United Malay National Organisation, the Malaysian Islamic Party, Malaysian Chinese Association, and Malaysian Indian Congress.[27] The nomination faced pushback from youth leader Syed Saddiq, who objected to working with UMNO, suggesting a split within the party over Muhyiddin's candidacy.[28] This was further reinforced when Mahathir announced that he had the necessary support from Pakatan Harapan to return as prime minister and denied having supported Muhyiddin's bid for the position.[29]

Muhyiddin was sworn in as the country's eight prime minister on 1 March, leading the newly founded Perikatan Nasional coalition consisting of the United Malay National Organisation, Malaysian Islamic Party, Gabungan Parti Sarawak, Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah, Homeland Solidarity Party, and BERSATU into government.[30][31]

In May, Mahathir Mohamad, Mukhriz Mahathir, Syed Saddiq, Maszlee Malik and Amiruddin Hamzah were expelled from the party after opting to sit with the opposition in parliament, citing a provision in the party's constitution that automatically revoked the membership of individuals who joined other parties.[32][33] Mahathir had initially sought to table a motion of no confidence against Muhyiddin during a one-day meeting of parliament, the first since the formation of the new government, but was prevented from doing so after Muhyiddin ordered the speaker to end proceedings immediately after the king's speech.[34]

In June, the party another lost a member of parliament when Shahruddin Md Salleh resigned from his position as Deputy Minister of Works and joined the opposition, referring to his decision to join the government as a "mistake".[35][36] However, independent member of parliament Syed Abu Hussin Hafiz, a former member of UMNO, would join the party a few days later.[37]

The party was embroiled in a scandal when it was revealed in June and July 2021 that two separate events involving party members had occurred sometime during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia, with participants reportedly contravening the Malaysian movement control order, a lockdown imposed by the Malaysian government in response to the pandemic.[38][39][40]

Loss of majority in parliament

Tension within the Perikatan Nasional coalition government resulted in Muhyiddin's resignation as prime minister in August 2021. United Malay National Organisation president Ahmad Zahid Hamidi announced that the party would be withdrawing its support for the government in July 2021, but faced opposition from Ismail Sabri, the then-deputy prime minister, who led a faction within the party that continued to support Muhyiddin.[41] The split led to uncertainty as to whether Muhyiddin's government continued to possess a majority in parliament,[42] with Muhyiddin ultimately resigning on 16 August.[43] He was succeeded by Ismail Sabri on 21 August,[44] with BERSATU members being appointed in his cabinet.

Return to opposition

The 2022 Malaysian general election resulted in the party making big gains and winning in former UMNO strongholds. However, the election resulted in a hung parliament. UMNO president Zahid Hamidi's decision to form a government with Pakatan Harapan instead of Perikatan Nasional, as well as Muhyiddin's rejection of the King's offer to form a unity government, resulted in BERSATU becoming the opposition. The party continued to make massive gains in the 2023 Malaysian state elections, resulting in the party falling short of a majority in Selangor which had been heavily targeted.

Despite the party's successes, the post-election period witnessed a massive upheaval due to an intraparty struggle between the pro-Muhyiddin and the pro-Hamzah faction. BERSATU has also lost heavily in 4 consecutive by-elections, Pulai, Kuala Kubu Baharu, Nenggiri and Mahkota, leading to deep doubts about its long-term viability as a party. In November 2025, BERSATU was wiped out in the 2025 Sabah state election.

Organisational structure

Supreme Leadership Council (2024–2027)

Youth Wing (ARMADA)

Women Wing (SRIKANDI)

Associate Wing (BERSEKUTU)

Leadership

Chairman

Order Name Term of office Remarks Mandates
1 Mahathir Mohamad 7 September 2016 24 February 2020 –
– Muhyiddin Yassin 24 February 2020 23 August 2020 Acting 1st
(2020)
Position abolished[45]

President

Order Name Term of office Mandates
1 Muhyiddin Yassin 7 September 2016 Incumbent 1st
(2020)
2nd
(2024)

Deputy President

Order Name Term of office Mandates
1 Mukhriz Mahathir 7 September 2016 28 May 2020 –
2 Ahmad Faizal Azumu 23 August 2020 29 November 2024 1st
(2020)
3 Hamzah Zainudin 29 November 2024 13 February 2026 2nd
(2024)

Youth Chief

Order Name Term of office Mandates
1 Syed Saddiq 7 September 2016 28 May 2020 –
2 Wan Ahmad Fayhsal 23 August 2020 29 November 2024 1st
(2020)
3 Hilman Idham 29 November 2024 Incumbent 2nd
(2024)

Elected representatives

Dewan Negara (Senate)

Senators

Main article: Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament

Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)

Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament

Main article: Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament

BERSATU has 19 members in the House of Representatives.

State No. Parliament Constituency Member
Perlis P002 Kangar Zakri Hassan
Kedah P004 Langkawi Mohd Suhaimi Abdullah
P006 Kubang Pasu Ku Abdul Rahman Ku Ismail
P014 Merbok Mohd Nazri Abu Hassan
P017 Padang Serai Azman Nasrudin
P018 Kulim-Bandar Baharu Roslan Hashim
Kelantan P026 Ketereh Khlir Mohd Nor
P027 Tanah Merah Ikmal Hisham Abdul Aziz
Terengganu P038 Hulu Terengganu Rosol Wahid
Perak P074 Lumut Nordin Ahmad Ismail
Pahang P091 Rompin Abdul Khalib Abdullah
Selangor P092 Sabak Bernam Kalam Salan
P093 Sungai Besar Muslimin Yahaya
Putrajaya P125 Putrajaya Radzi Jidin
Malacca P134 Masjid Tanah Mas Ermieyati Samsudin
Johor P143 Pagoh Muhyiddin Yassin
P154 Mersing Muhammad Islahuddin Abas
Sabah P183 Beluran Ronald Kiandee
Sarawak P205 Saratok Ali Biju
Total Perlis (1), Kedah (5), Kelantan (2), Terengganu (1), Perak (1), Pahang (1), Selangor (2), F.T. Putrajaya (1), Malacca (1), Johor (2), Sabah (1), Sarawak (1)

Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)

Malaysian State Assembly Representatives

Main article: List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2023–present)
State No. Parliamentary Constituency No. State Assembly Constituency Member Notes
Perlis P001 Padang Besar N01 Titi Tinggi Izizam Ibrahim State EXCO
P002 Kangar N07 Sena Marzita Mansor
N09 Kuala Perlis Abu Bakar Hamzah Menteri Besar
P003 Arau N11 Pauh Megat Hashirat Hassan State EXCO
N12 Tambun Tulang Wan Zikri Afthar Ishak
Kedah P004 Langkawi N01 Ayer Hangat Shamsilah Siru
N02 Kuah Ahmad Pared Mahamud
P005 Jerlun N03 Kota Siputeh Mohd Ashraf Mustaqim Badrul Munir
P006 Kubang Pasu N05 Bukit Kayu Hitam Halimaton Shaadiah Saad State EXCO
P008 Pokok Sena N11 Derga Muhamad Amri Wahab
P009 Alor Setar N12 Suka Menanti Dzowahir Ab Ghani State EXCO
P010 Kuala Kedah N16 Kubang Rotan Mohd Salleh Saidin
P011 Pendang N19 Sungai Tiang Abdul Razak Khamis Deputy Speaker
P012 Jerai N21 Guar Chempedak Abdul Ghafar Saad
P016 Baling N30 Bayu Mohd Taufik Yaacob
P017 Padang Serai N34 Lunas Khairul Anuar Ramli
Kelantan P026 Ketereh N25 Kok Lanas Mohamed Farid Mohamed Zawawi Deputy Speaker
P027 Tanah Merah N27 Gual Ipoh Bahari Mohamad Nor Deputy State EXCO
P030 Jeli N36 Bukit Bunga Mohd Almidi Jaafar
N37 Air Lanas Kamarudin Md Nor State EXCO
P032 Gua Musang N44 Paloh Shaari Mat Hussain Deputy State EXCO
Terengganu P033 Besut N04 Hulu Besut Mohd Husaimi Hussin
P034 Setiu N06 Permaisuri Mohd Yusop Majid
P035 Kuala Nerus N11 Seberang Takir Khazan Che Mat Deputy Speaker
P038 Hulu Terengganu N21 Telemung Mohd Zawawi Ismail Deputy State EXCO
P040 Kemaman N30 Kijal Razali Idris State EXCO
Penang P042 Tasek Gelugor N06 Telok Ayer Tawar Azmi Alang
P044 Permatang Pauh N10 Seberang Jaya Izhar Shah Arif Shah
N12 Penanti Zulkefli Bakar
P053 Balik Pulau N40 Telok Bahang Muhamad Kasim
Perak P056 Larut N07 Batu Kurau Mohd Najmuddin Elias Al-Hafiz
P57 Parit Buntar N9 Kuala Kurau Abdul Yunus Jamahri
P58 Bagan Serai N10 Alor Pongsu Noor Azman Ghazali
P059 Bukit Gantang N13 Kuala Sepetang Ahmad Man
P061 Padang Rengas N19 Chenderoh Syed Lukman Hakim Syed Mohd Zin
P067 Kuala Kangsar N34 Bukit Chandan Hashim Bujang
P074 Lumut N52 Pangkor Norhaslinda Zakaria
P076 Teluk Intan N56 Changkat Jong Nadziruddin Mohamed Bandi
Pahang P084 Paya Besar N18 Lepar Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunus
P086 Maran N25 Kuala Sentul Jasri Jamaluddin
Selangor P094 Hulu Selangor N07 Batang Kali Muhammad Muhaimin Harith Abdullah Sani
P095 Tanjong Karang N09 Permatang Nurul Syazwani Noh
P096 Kuala Selangor N10 Bukit Melawati Noorazley Yahya
N12 Jeram Harrison Hassan
P097 Selayang N13 Kuang Mohd Rafiq Mohd Abdullah
P098 Gombak N17 Gombak Setia Muhammad Hilman Idham
N18 Hulu Kelang Mohamed Azmin Ali Opposition Leader
P105 Petaling Jaya N33 Taman Medan Afif Bahardin
P111 Kota Raja N49 Sungai Kandis Wan Dzahanurin Ahmad
P112 Kuala Langat N53 Morib Rosnizan Ahmad
P113 Sepang N55 Dengkil Jamil Salleh
Negeri Sembilan P130 Rasah N20 Labu Mohamad Hanifah Abu Baker Opposition Leader
P133 Tampin N35 Gemas Ridzuan Ahmad
Malacca P136 Tangga Batu N11 Sungai Udang Mohd Aleef Yusof
Johor P143 Pagoh N7 Bukit Kepong Sahruddin Jamal
P154 Mersing N32 Endau Alwiyah Talib
Total Perlis (5), Kedah (11), Kelantan (5), Terengganu (5), Penang (4), Perak (8), Pahang (2), Selangor (11), Negeri Sembilan (2), Malacca (1), Johor (2)

Government offices

State governments

BERSATU currently lead the state of Perlis and worked as coalition partner with PAS in Kelantan, Terengganu and Kedah state governments. In the past, it led Perak, Johor and Kedah under Pakatan Harapan as well as Perak and Sabah under Perikatan Nasional

Note: bold for coalition lead, italic as junior partner

State Leader type Member State Constituency
Perlis Menteri Besar Abu Bakar Hamzah Kuala Perlis

Legislative leadership

State Leader type Member State Constituency
Kedah Deputy Speaker Abdul Razak Khamis Sungai Tiang
Kelantan Deputy Speaker Mohamed Farid Mohamed Zawawi Kok Lanas
Terengganu Deputy Speaker Khazan Che Mat Seberang Takir

Official opposition

State Leader type Member State Constituency
Negeri Sembilan Opposition Leader Mohamad Hanifah Abu Baker Labu
Selangor Opposition Leader Azmin Ali Hulu Kelang

Election results

General election results

Election Total seats won Seats contested Total votes Voting Percentage Outcome of election Election leader
2018
13 / 222
 52 718,648 5.95% 13 seats; Governing coalition
(Pakatan Harapan, later Perikatan Nasional) 		Mahathir Mohamad
2022
35 / 222
 87 (under PN) (Peninsular, Sarawak, and Beluran)
6 (under GRS) (Sabah except Beluran) 		2,196,236 14.16% 21 seats; Opposition coalition
(Perikatan Nasional) 		Muhyiddin Yassin

State election results

State election State Legislative Assembly
Perlis Kedah Kelantan Terengganu Penang Perak Pahang Selangor Negeri Sembilan Malacca Johor Sabah Sarawak Total won / Total contested
2/3 majority
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2018
0 / 15
5 / 36
0 / 45
0 / 32
2 / 40
1 / 59
0 / 42
6 / 56
0 / 36
2 / 28
8 / 56
24 / 104
2020
11 / 73
11 / 19
2021
2 / 28
2 / 15
2022
2 / 56
2 / 33
2022
5 / 15
9 / 59
2 / 42
16 / 45
2023
11 / 36
6 / 45
5 / 32
4 / 40
12 / 56
2 / 36
40 / 82
2025
0 / 73
0 / 33

See also

References

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