Battles of Choir and Zamyn-Üüd

Battles of Choir and Zamyn-Üüd
Part of the Occupation of Mongolia and Russian Civil War

Roman Ungern, the commander that lead his army in these battles
DateMarch 1921
Location
Choir, Zamyn-Üüd, Mongolia
Result

Russian victory

Belligerents
White movement Republic of China
Commanders and leaders
Roman von Ungern-Sternberg Unknown
Units involved
Asiatic Cavalry Division Unknown
Strength
900 soldiers 1,500 defenders In Choir
Unknown in Zamyn-Üüd

The Battles of Choir and Zamyn-Üüd happened during March 1921, when Ungern successfully captured Choir and Zamyn-Üüd.

Background

Main article: Battle of Urga

After Ungern and his troops captured Maimaicheng, they attacked Chinese troops at the Consular Settlement. After Chinese troops counterattacked, Ungern's soldiers retreated. Ungern then launched another attack with support of a Cossack and Mongolian detachment, which came from the northeast and northwest while Ungern's troops moved westwards in Urga, pursuing retreating Chinese soldiers. The capital was finally captured on 4 February. Russian settlers who supported the Red Army moved from Urga together with Chinese soldiers who were retreating. During the Battle of Urga, the Chinese suffered 1,500 casualties while Ungern's forces suffered only around 60 casualties.[1] After the capture of Urga, Ungern's troops started killing Russian Jews. Ungern personally ordered Jews to be killed. This pogrom effectively eliminated the Jewish community in Urga.[2]

Capture of Choir and Zamyn-Üüd

Between 11 and 13 March, Ungern and his soldiers captured the Chinese base at Choir. Ungern's army had 900 troops while Chinese defenders had about 1,500. After Ungern successfully captured Choir, he returned to Urga. His detachments moved southward to Zamyn-Üüd, a frontier settlement that had another Chinese base. The defending Chinese soldiers abandoned Zamyn-Üüd without a fight.[3][4]

References

  1. ^ Kuzmin 2011, p. 179.
  2. ^ Jennings 2022, p. 44.
  3. ^ Tornovsky 2004.
  4. ^ Kuzmin 2011, p. 187.

Sources

  • Jennings, John M. (2022). "Roman Fedorovich von Ungern-Sternberg". In Jennings, John M.; Steele, Chuck (eds.). The Worst Military Leaders in History. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 9781789145830. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
  • Kuzmin, Sergei L., ed. (2004). Legendarnyi Baron: Neizvestnye Stranitsy Grazhdanskoi Voiny (in Russian). Moscow: KMK Sci. Press. ISBN 978-5-87317-175-0.
    • Tornovsky, M. G. "Events in Mongolia-Khalkha in 1920–1921". In Kuzmin (2004).
  • Kuzmin, Sergei L. (2011). The History of Baron Ungern. An Experience of Reconstruction. Moscow: KMK Sci. Press. ISBN 978-5-87317-692-2.
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