Baryaxes

Baryaxes (Ancient Greek: Βαρυάξης) was a Mede who lived in the 4th century BCE. He was said to have been from Lak, though it is unclear which Lak this was.

After the conclusion of the Indian campaign of Alexander the Great, around 324 or 325 BCE, Baryaxes led some Median forces in a campaign of guerrilla warfare against the invaders' garrisons in Alexander's absence.[1] He ultimately declared himself king of Media and Persia,[2] and was said to have worn the upright kidaris, a headgear that by law was permitted to only the Persian and Median monarch, and which Alexander himself never wore.[3][4][5][6]

He was shortly thereafter seized by the Persian nobleman Atropates, the satrap of Media after the dismissal of Oxydates, and was delivered to Alexander at Pasargadae.[7] Alexander subsequently put him and his followers to death.[8]

References

  1. ^ Williams, Henry Smith (1904). "The End of Alexander". The Historians' History of the World. Vol. 4. The Outlook Company. p. 376. Retrieved 2025-12-24.
  2. ^ Baynham, Elizabeth (2001). "Alexander and the Amazons". The Classical Quarterly. 51 (1): 121. JSTOR 3556333. Retrieved 2025-12-24.
  3. ^ Chugg, Andrew (2009). Alexander the Great in India: A Reconstruction of Cleitarchus. AMC Publications. p. 9. ISBN 9780955679018. Retrieved 2025-12-24.
  4. ^ Hirschy, Noah Calvin (1909). Artaxerxes III Ochus and His Reign. University of Chicago Press. p. 20. Retrieved 2025-12-24.
  5. ^ Jouguet, Pierre (1928). Macedonian Imperialism and the Hellenization of the East. Alfred A. Knopf. p. 54. Retrieved 2025-12-24.
  6. ^ Collins, Andrew W. (2012). "The Royal Costume and Insignia of Alexander". American Journal of Philology. 133 (3). Johns Hopkins University Press: 371–402. JSTOR 23269873. Retrieved 2025-12-24.
  7. ^ Rogers, Guy Maclean (2005). Alexander: The Ambiguity of Greatness. Random House. p. 247. ISBN 9780812972719. Retrieved 2025-12-24.
  8. ^ Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander 6.29

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William (1870). "Baryaxes". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 1. p. 465.

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