Banque Franco-Japonaise

The Banque Franco-Japonaise (BFJ) (Japanese: 日仏銀行, Hepburn: Nichi-Futsu Ginkō, lit. 'French-Japanese Bank') was a mid-sized bank headquartered in Paris, France. It was founded in 1912 with intent to pursue common projects with Japanese stakeholders in Asia, especially in China.[1]: 4  Its Japanese activities were liquidated in 1945, whereas the French entity, renamed Crédit Parisien in 1954,[2]: 1  eventually formed the kernel of the banking subsidiary of Axa.

Foundation and early activity

The BFJ was established on 1 July 1912 on the initiative of Société Générale.[3] Its initial capital of 25 million French francs was split between Société Générale and the Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas on the one hand (60 percent), and the Industrial Bank of Japan on the other hand (40 percent).[1]: 4  It listed on the Paris Stock Exchange on 13 March 1914.[4]

The BFJ's initial chairman was Henri Guernaut, member of the board of Société Générale and its future chairman as well. René Dorizon, himself the son of Société Générale Director Louis Dorizon, had been instrumental in the BFJ's creation and was its first chief executive (French: directeur général).[5]: 137  Soeda Juichi was one of the bank's promoters on the Japanese side.[6] It arranged a first yen loan to France in November 1915, reflecting the rapid rise of Japan's role as an international creditor during World War I.[7]: 98 

The bank was initially established at 132, rue Réaumur in Paris,[5]: 14  in a building originally erected in 1901 for the short-lived Banque Spéciale des Valeurs Industrielles.[8] The BFJ then relocated and was at 34, rue de Chateaudun by 1918,[9] and eventually at 33, rue Cambon by 1929,[10] where the bank would remain until at least 1974.[11] By the late 1930s, it had branches in Tokyo and Kobe.[12]

World War II

During World War II, the BFJ was associated with the Vichy Government and by the end of the war was one of only two foreign banks that retained activities in Japan, the other being Deutsche Bank für Ostasien,[13]: 378  which had been established during the war to facilitate trade with Nazi Germany.[14]: 9  In October 1945, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers Douglas MacArthur mandated the liquidation of the BFJ's Japanese branches together with those of the Bank of Chōsen, Bank of Taiwan, Chōsen Industrial Bank, and Deutsche Bank für Ostasien.[15]

Postwar developments

The BJF retained its banking activity in France. By 1951, it was controlled by Jean de Gunzburg (1884–1959) of the Gunzburg family,[16] who had already been among the bank's board members during the 1920s.[10] It was involved in gold trades with the Soviet Union via offshore financial centers such as Beirut and Tangier.[16] Having no activities left in Japan, its name was changed to Crédit Parisien.[17] It became a subsidiary of La Paternelle, an insurance group founded in 1843.

In 1975 Assurances du Groupe de Paris (AGP), a major private-sector insurer, acquired ownership of La Paternelle through a complex stock transaction.[18] In 1977, the Compagnie du Midi financial group acquired AGP;[19] in 1989 Axa in turn acquired Compagnie du Midi,[20] and with it the Crédit Parisien. The latter was renamed as AXA Banque in the early 1990s.[21]

  • Building at 132-134, rue Réaumur in Paris, the BFJ's first head office
  • Building at 34, rue de Chateaudun in Paris, BFJ head office in the 1910s and 1920s
  • Building at 33, rue Cambon (center), BFJ head office from the late 1920s to (at least) the 1970s

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "The Financial Situation" (PDF), The Commercial and Financial Chronicle (2454), 6 July 1912
  2. ^ Hara Terushi 原照純 (October 1999), 日仏銀行（1912−1954年）の経営史 (PDF), Waseda Business School
  3. ^ "Comment BNP Paribas s'est implanté au Japon (2/3): projets avortés de Paribas". BNP Paribas. 6 January 2025.
  4. ^ "Banque franco-japonaise". Data for Financial History. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  5. ^ a b Bulletin de la Société franco-japonaise de Paris (PDF), April 1913
  6. ^ "SOEDA Juichi". Portraits of Modern Japanese Historical Figures. Retrieved 12 January 2025.
  7. ^ Mark Metzler (2006). Lever of Empire: The International Gold Standard and the Crisis of Liberalism in Prewar Japan. University of California Press.
  8. ^ "Immeuble bancaire 134 rue Réaumur". paris-promeneurs.com. 24 February 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2025.
  9. ^ "Poster Collection: Emprunt francais, 4% 1918". Hoover Institution. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  10. ^ a b "Banque franco-japonaise". Data for Financial History. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  11. ^ "B.O.I. N° 161 du 28 août 1974". Bulletin officiel des finances publiques - Archives-Impôts.
  12. ^ "Banque franco-japonaise". Data for Financial History. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  13. ^ J. Robert Brown, Jr. (1993), "Japanese Banking Reform and the Occupation Legacy: Decompartmenalization, Deregulation, and Decentralization", Denver Journal of International Law & Policy
  14. ^ Geschäftsbericht für das Jahr 1962 (PDF), Hamburg: Deutsch-Asiatische Bank
  15. ^ "SCAPIN-1253: Closed Institution vs. Emergency Financial Measures". SCAPIN Database. 5 October 1946.
  16. ^ a b "Information report" (PDF). Central Intelligence Agency. 20 December 1951.
  17. ^ "Compagnie des agents de change - Service des émissions et de l'information financière". Service des archives économiques et financières. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  18. ^ André Dessot (19 August 1975). "Conséquence des déboires financiers d'une de ses filiales La Paternelle cède la direction de ses affaires aux Assurances du groupe de Paris". Le Monde.
  19. ^ "Les charmes de la Compagnie du Midi". Le Monde. 30 April 1988.
  20. ^ "Bernard Pagézy perd le Midi". Le Monde. 4 March 1989.
  21. ^ "1 octobre 1997 - Cour de cassation - Pourvoi n° 94-22.130 - Chambre commerciale financière et économique - Texte de la décision", Cour de Cassation
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