List of banks in Spain

The following list of banks in Spain is to be understood within the framework of the European single market and European banking union, which means that Spain's banking system is more open to cross-border banking operations than peers outside of the EU.

European banking supervision distinguishes between significant institutions (SIs) and less significant institutions (LSIs), with SI/LSI designations updated regularly by the European Central Bank (ECB). Significant institutions are directly supervised by the ECB using joint supervisory teams that involve the national competent authorities (NCAs) of individual participating countries. Less significant institutions are supervised by the relevant NCA on a day-to-day basis, under the supervisory oversight of the ECB.^[1] In the Spanish case, the NCA is the Bank of Spain.^[2]

As of 1 September 2025, the list of supervised institutions maintained by the ECB included the following ten Spanish banking groups as SIs, with names as indicated by the ECB for each group's consolidating entity.^[3] Of these, Santander has been consistently designated as Global systemically important bank (G-SIB) by the Financial Stability Board, including in its update of November 2025.^[4]

• Abanca Corporación Bancaria SA
• Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria SA (BBVA)
• Banco de Sabadell SA
• Banco Santander SA
• Bankinter SA
• CaixaBank SA
• Banco de Crédito Social Cooperativo SA, consolidating entity of the Cajamar Cooperative Group
• Ibercaja Banco SA
• Kutxabank SA
• Unicaja Banco SA

A study published in 2024 assessed that the bank with most aggregate assets in Spain (as opposed to total consolidated assets) as of end-2023 was CaixaBank at €569 billion, followed by Santander (€535 billion), BBVA (€468 billion), Sabadell (€235 billion), Bankinter (€113 billion), Unicaja (€93 billion), Abanca (€75 billion), Kutxabank (€64 billion), Cajamar (€60 billion), Ibercaja (€55 billion), ING ((€33 billion, via a branch), and Deutsche Bank (€22 billion, via a subsidiary).^{[5]: 27–29} Other euro-area banks with subsidiaries in Spain include BNP Paribas (via Cetelem), Crédit Agricole (via CACEIS), and Banca Mediolanum.^[3]

As of 1 September 2025, the ECB's list of supervised institutions included 73 Spanish LSIs.^[3]

Of these, five were designated by the ECB as "high-impact" on the basis of several criteria including size:

• Banca March SA
• Caja Laboral Popular Coop. De Credito, an independent cooperative bank
• Cecabank SA, a former entity of the Spanish Confederation of Savings Banks
• Grucajrural Inversiones SLU and Caja Rural de Navarra SCC, two entities of the cooperative Grupo Caja Rural that are members of its institutional protection scheme (IPS)

In addition to the entities cited above as SI (Cajamar) or high-impact LSIs (Grucajrural Inversiones and Caja Rural de Navarra), 41 more Spanish LSIs were associated with the rural cooperative banking (caja rural) movement:

• 30 entities of the Grupo Caja Rural and members of its IPS: the central entity Banco Cooperativo Español plus the cajas rurales of Albacete (Globalcaja), Albal, Algemesi, Aragon, Asturias, Burgos (Cajaviva), Casas Ibañez, Extremadura, Galega, Gijon, Granada, Jaen, L'Alcudia, Les Coves de Vinroma, Nuestra Señora La Esperanza de Onda, Salamanca, San Agustin de Fuente Alamo (Caja Rural Regional), San José de Alcora, San José de Almassora, Soria, Sur, Teruel, Villamalea, Vinaros, Zamora, Caixa Popular, Caja Rural Central, Cajasiete, and Ruralnostra^[6]
• 9 entities of the Solventia Cooperative Group: cajas rurales of Almendralejo (central entity), Adamuz - Nuestra Madre del Sol, Baena, Cañete Torres, Nueva Carteya, Utrera, Benicarlo, La Vall San Isidro, and Banco de Depositos SA^[7]
• 2 independent cajas rurales: Caja Rural de Guissona, and Eurocaja Rural

One more cooperative bank was listed as LSI (in addition to above-mentioned Caja Laboral), albeit not a caja rural:

• Caixa de Credit dels Enginyers - Caja de Crédito Ingenieros SCC

The remaining 20 domestic Spanish LSIs were:

Based on the same ECB list, six Spanish LSIs were affiliates of financial groups based outside the euro area:

• Andbank España Banca Privada SA, subsidiary of Andbank
• Aresbank SA, also known as Banco Árabe Español, a joint venture in which Kuwait Foreign Trading Contracting & Investment Company and Libyan Foreign Bank each own a 30 percent stake^[8]
• Banco Alcala SA, subsidiary of Creand
• Banco Pichincha España SA, subsidiary of Banco Pichincha
• Bank of Africa Europe SA, subsidiary of Bank of Africa
• Spanish branch of TF Bank AB

As of 13 October 2025, the following banking groups established outside the European Economic Area had branches in Spain:^[9]

• Banco de la Nación Argentina
• FCE Bank
• JPMorgan Chase
• UBS

The Bank of Spain and Instituto de Crédito Oficial are public credit institutions that do not hold a banking license under EU law.^[10]

A number of former Spanish banks, defined as having been headquartered in the present-day territory of Spain, are documented on Wikipedia. Many came to an end as a consequence of the 2008–2014 Spanish real estate crisis. They are listed below in chronological order of establishment.

• List of banks in the euro area
• List of banks in Europe