Asatru Folk Assembly

Asatru Folk Assembly
The interlaced horn design from the Danish Snoldelev stone was adopted as the official symbol of the AFA in October 2006.[1][2]
AbbreviationAFA
TypeNew Religious Movement
ClassificationNeopaganism
OrientationHeathenry
TheologyFolkism[3]
AllsherjargoðiMatthew D. Flavel [4]
HeadquartersBrownsville, California
FounderStephen A. McNallen
Origin1995
Hofs5[5]
Members730[6]
Clergy19[4]
Official websitewww.runestone.org

The Asatru Folk Assembly (AFA) is an international Ásatrú organization, founded by Stephen A. McNallen in 1994. Once headquartered in Grass Valley, California,[7][8] with chapters worldwide, the AFA is recognized as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit religious organization.[9][10] Many of the assembly's doctrines including white nationalism,[11][12] and its emphasis on ethnicity, an approach it calls "folkish"[3] put it at odds with most other Heathens.[13]

The organization currently has five active temples.[5] As of April 2025, the AFA had approximately 730 members.[6]

History

The AFA's roots are in the Viking Brotherhood, founded by McNallen in 1972. McNallen was one of the earliest advocates in the United States of reconstructing Germanic Paganism. The Viking Brotherhood evolved into the Asatru Free Assembly in 1974, and was disbanded in 1986, splitting into two successor organizations, the "folkish" Ásatrú Alliance, and the "universalist" Troth.[14] In 1986, the Asatru Free Assembly ceased operations, due to burnout and disputes about polygamous relationships within the membership. According to accounts by McNallen, it was not due to racial politics, but because administration was time-consuming and the membership rejected a request seeking pay for religious work.[15]

McNallen founded the Asatru Folk Assembly in 1995 as the successor organization to the Asatru Free Assembly. The defunct Asatru Free Assembly and Asatru Folk Assembly are sometimes called the "old AFA" and "new AFA", respectively. From 1997 to 2002, the AFA was a member of the International Asatru-Odinic Alliance.[16]

McNallen believes in an "integral link between ancestry and religion, between biology and spirituality"; according to Jeffrey Kaplan, the organization was founded in part to counteract rumored "universalist" tendencies he discerned in Ring of Troth.[17]

In 1999, the AFA attempted to acquire land in the northern California, intending to create a communal project with room for agriculture and religious worship.[8] But it never held legal title to the land. Upon promises that the land would be donated, some AFA members built a simple hof there, after which the land's owner chose not to donate it.

In the late 1990s, the AFA got involved in a protracted fight over the remains of the Kennewick Man: members claimed that these were the remains of a European ancestor; they were allowed to approach, but not touch, the coffin holding the Kennewick Man.[18] Later testing showed that Kennewick Man is "very closely related to the Colville" tribe in northeast Washington.[19][20]

In May 2017, Facebook deleted the AFA's primary social media outlet, citing hate speech as the reason.[21] In 2018, the Southern Poverty Law Center added the AFA to its list of hate groups as part of a new category called "neo-Völkisch".[22] The Anti-Defamation League lists the AFA as an "extremist group".[23]

In December 2019, two members of the Army National Guard left the military under uncertain terms related to their involvement as leaders of "Ravensblood Kindred", a white nationalist religious group that shared ties with the AFA.[24] Both had previously attended a rally by Richard B. Spencer. One was on active duty in Afghanistan and one worked as a jailer for the Haralson County but was not terminated from his position.[25] One member, East, now holds a leadership position at the Njordshof hof.[26]

On August 10, 2024, Zachary Babitz, a member of the Asatru Folk Assembly, was arrested in Las Cruces, New Mexico for allegedly committing several violent crimes, including murder, carjacking, and robbery, throughout New Mexico earlier that month.[27] The group previously described Babitz, who had "1488" tattooed on his hand, as “the newest apprentice Folkbuilder for the Ódinshof District”.[28]

Activity

Since 2013, the AFA has owned rights to many of the books of "Edred Thorsson" (a pen name of Stephen Flowers).[29]

In August 2015, the AFA acquired a former Grange Hall in Challenge–Brownsville, California, about 40 miles from Grass Valley, where the group was founded. The hall was built in 1938, and was purchased to be used as a hof and community center under the name Newgrange Hall Asatru Hof.[30][31] It was previously the Youth Center of the Mountaintop Christian Academy of California,[32][33] and at another time the Marge Moore Youth Center.[34] This first hof has since been named Odinshof, in dedication to the god Odin.[35][36]

In April 2020, the AFA acquired a former church in Linden, North Carolina, which has been turned into a heathen hof serving AFA members in the Southeastern United States.[37] This second hof is named Thorshof, in dedication to the god Thor.[38][39]

In June 2020, the AFA purchased a former Lutheran church in Murdock, Minnesota, to be used as gathering place for AFA members of the Northern Great Plains.[40] In December 2020, the Murdock City Council gave the AFA conditional approval to use the church.[23] More than 120,000 Minnesotans have signed a petition to stop the group's use of the building.[11] This third hof is named Baldrshof, in dedication to the god Baldr.[41][42]

In 2022, the AFA purchased a former church in White Springs, Florida, to serve as a hof for AFA members in the Southern United States. The AFA operates a monthly food pantry for the local community there.[43] This fourth hof has been named Njordshof, in dedication to the god Njörðr.[44]

In September 2025, Freyshof was announced as the fifth Hof of the Asatru Folk Assembly, located in Austintown, Ohio.[5] The Hof was dedicated in December.[45]

Opposition

As a result of the discriminatory activities of the AFA, numerous Heathen and neo-pagan organizations sought to produce a document refuting these beliefs and the characterization that they represented these faiths.[13] The product was Declaration 127, which specifically condemns the AFA. This declaration has been criticized for its specific focus on the AFA, and efforts have been made to expand it.[46] One alternative to Declaration 127 is the "Declaration of Deeds", a much wider-ranging statement against discrimination and hate in Heathenism.[47]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ "Asatru Folk Assembly - The Asatru Folk Assembly's Symbol". July 9, 2011. Archived from the original on July 9, 2011. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  2. ^ [1] Archived 2015-09-23 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ a b Gardell 152, 261.
  4. ^ a b "Asatru Folk Assembly - Clergy". Retrieved December 11, 2025.
  5. ^ a b c "Hofs | Asatru Folk Assembly". www.runestone.org. Retrieved December 11, 2025.
  6. ^ a b Asatru Folk Assembly [@FolkAsatru] (April 1, 2025). "Thanks to your amazing generosity, we are 80.3% of the way to a paid off Njörðshof! We have $48,223 left to go! If every member donated $66 today the hof would be paid off immediately!" (Tweet) – via X (formerly Twitter).
  7. ^ "Obituaries, Death Notices and Memorials for Nevada City and Grass Valley California". Theunion.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  8. ^ a b Gardell 261
  9. ^ "AFA - Member Services". Member.asatrufolkassembly.org. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  10. ^ "Asatru Folk Assembly - 501C3 Nonprofit - Nevada City, CA - 680386731". Taxexemptworld.com. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  11. ^ a b The Hill, Celine Castronuovo (December 23, 2020). "More than 120,000 signatures collected to stop 'whites only' church in Minnesota town". The Hill. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  12. ^ "2 kicked out of National Guard over white supremacist ties". ABC 6 NEWS. Associated Press. December 26, 2019. Archived from the original on December 29, 2019. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  13. ^ a b "Letters to the Editor: Enacting Declaration 127 | Culture, Paganism". April 21, 2019.
  14. ^ Strmiska, Michael (2005). Modern paganism in world cultures: comparative perspectives. ABC-CLIO. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-85109-608-4. Retrieved January 30, 2012.
  15. ^ Stephen A. McNallen, "Three Decades of the Ásatrú Revival in America", in Joshua Buckley & Michael Moynihan (eds.), TYR: Myth - Culture - Tradition, Volume 2 (Atlanta: Ultra, 2003-2004), p. 208-9.
  16. ^ "Asatru Folk Assembly". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
  17. ^ Kaplan, Jeffrey (1997). Radical Religion in America: Millenarian Movements from the Far Right to the Children of Noah. Syracuse University Press. pp. 31–32. ISBN 978-0-8156-0396-2.
  18. ^ Bay-Hansen, C. D. (2002). Futurefish 2001: Futurefish in Century 21: The North Pacific Fisheries Tackle Asian Markets, the Can-Am Salmon Treaty, and Micronesian Seas, 1997-2001. Trafford. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-55369-293-5. Retrieved January 30, 2012.
  19. ^ "DNA From Ancient Skeleton Shows Ties To Native Americans". Archived from the original on September 15, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
  20. ^ Rasmussen, Morten; Sikora, Martin; Albrechtsen, Anders; Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand; Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor; Poznik, G. David; Zollikofer, Christoph P. E.; Ponce de León, Marcia S.; Allentoft, Morten E.; Moltke, Ida; Jónsson, Hákon; Valdiosera, Cristina; Malhi, Ripan S.; Orlando, Ludovic; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Stafford Jr, Thomas W.; Meltzer, David J.; Nielsen, Rasmus; Willerslev, Eske (June 18, 2015). "The ancestry and affiliations of Kennewick Man". Nature. 523 (7561): 455–58. Bibcode:2015Natur.523..455R. doi:10.1038/nature14625. PMC 4878456. PMID 26087396.
  21. ^ "Pagan Community Notes: Nathan Smith, AFA, Niagara Cannabis Club, and more". The Wild Hunt. May 22, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
  22. ^ "Neo-Völkisch".
  23. ^ a b Kay Jones and Leah Asmelash (December 10, 2020). "City approves conditional permit to allow use of church building by a Whites-only group". CNN. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  24. ^ "2 men kicked out of National Guard over alleged white supremacist ties". NBC News. December 27, 2019.
  25. ^ Joyner, Chris. "Ga. guardsman, deputy sheriff outed for extremist posts". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
  26. ^ "Leadership". Njörðshof.
  27. ^ Smith, Sam (August 12, 2024). "Murder suspect Zachary Babitz taken into custody in Las Cruces". KOAT. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
  28. ^ Gilmore, Nicholas (August 8, 2024). "Man sought in Best Buy slaying was freed from prison in March". Santa Fe New Mexican. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
  29. ^ [2] Archived 2015-09-23 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ^ "Newgrange Hall - Asatru Hof". The Crowdfunding Center. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  31. ^ "NewGrange Hall - Asatru Hof". Indiegogo. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  32. ^ "Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  33. ^ "Real Estate For Sale Network". mls.calhomenet.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
  34. ^ [3] Archived 2016-09-16 at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^ "Odinshof • Pagan Places". January 11, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  36. ^ "Odinshof". Óðinshof. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  37. ^ "Thorshof in Linden, North Carolina". Pagan Places. June 24, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
  38. ^ "The Family of Thor". Thors Hof. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
  39. ^ "Thorshof: Seconf Hof of the Asatru Folk Assembly". Þórshof. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  40. ^ "White heritage religious group takes root in Minnesota". Star Tribune. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
  41. ^ Compass | Murdock City Council approves permit for white supremacists | Season 5 | Episode 3, retrieved March 15, 2023
  42. ^ "Baldrshof | Asatru Folk Assembly | Murdock, MN". Baldrshof. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  43. ^ "Njordshof Food Pantry - FoodPantries.org". www.foodpantries.org. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  44. ^ "Njordshof: Fourth Hof of the Asatru Folk Assembly". Njörðshof. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  45. ^ https://www.runestone.org/post/freyshof-dedication
  46. ^ "Declaration 127 v. 2.00". March 18, 2021. Archived from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  47. ^ "Let's talk Declaration 127". September 11, 2019.

Bibliography

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