Artush
Artush
Artux, Atush | |
|---|---|
Tomb of Sultan Satuk Bughra Khan | |
Artush Location in Xinjiang Artush Artush (Xinjiang) Artush Artush (China) | |
| Coordinates (Artush municipal government): 39°42′58″N 76°10′06″E / 39.7162°N 76.1684°E | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Xinjiang |
| Autonomous prefecture | Kizilsu |
| Municipal seat | Guangming Road Subdistrict |
| Area | |
• Total | 15,697.78 km2 (6,060.95 sq mi) |
| Population (2020)[2] | |
• Total | 290,936 |
| • Density | 18.5336/km2 (48.0017/sq mi) |
| Demographics | |
| • Major ethnic groups |
|
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard[a]) |
| Website | www |
| Artush | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 阿图什 | ||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 阿圖什 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Uyghur name | |||||||||||
| Uyghur | ئاتۇش | ||||||||||
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| Kyrgyz name | |||||||||||
| Kyrgyz | ارتىش Артыш Artysh | ||||||||||
Artush (/ɑːrˈtʊʃ/ ar-TUUSH; also transliterated as Artux[3] or Atush) is a county-level city and the capital of Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang, China. The government seat is in Guangming Road Subdistrict.[4] As of 2018, it has a population of 285,507 people, 81.4 per cent of whom are Uyghurs.[5]
Artush is the political, economic and cultural center of Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture.[6]
History
In the Han Dynasty, it was a component of Shule, a significant town on the historic Silk Road, and continues to thrive in trade and business. In 60 BC, the Han Dynasty established the Protectorate of the Western Regions.[7] Subsequently, in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Artush fell under the authority of the Chief Official of the Western Regions, which later became part of Western Turkic Khaganate. In 649, it was incorporated into the Shule Governor's Office of the Protectorate General to Pacify the West.[8]
In 840, the Uyghur Khaganate and other tribes established the Kara-Khanid Khanate, of which Artush was a region. Artush became part of the Chagatai Khanate during the Yuan Dynasty. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Artush was part of the Eastern Chagatai Khanate. The Yarkent Khanate was created during the Ming Dynasty, with Artush as one of its territories.[9]
In 1759, the Qing authorities quelled the turmoil in the large and tiny Hezhuo, placing Artush under the authority of the Minister of Kashgar, referred to as Astu Altush, while Aqimu Burke was established in Atushi Zhuang to oversee local governance. In 1884, Atushi was incorporated into Gansu-Xinjiang Province.[10][11]
In January 1943, Artush County was established.[1][12] In 1949, it was part of Kashgar Prefecture. On July 14, 1954, the Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture was founded, and Atushi County was placed under its administration, subsequently recognized as the capital of the Autonomous Prefecture. In June 1986, Atushi County was dissolved, leading to the establishment of the city of Atushi.[1][12]
At 10:23 pm on January 19, 2020, a 5.2 magnitude earthquake struck in Artush.[3]
Geography and climate
It is situated in the northwest part of the Tarim Basin, south of the Tien Shan mountains. Like most of Xinjiang, Artush has a cool arid climate (Köppen BWk) with hot summers, freezing winters and little precipitation and low humidity year-round. The annual mean temperature is 13.1 °C (55.6 °F) and the annual mean precipitation around 95 millimetres or 3.74 inches. Most of this limited precipitation falls from erratic thunderstorms in the summer months, although at this time relative humidity averages less than 35 percent.
Artush is situated at the western periphery of the Tarim Basin, on the southwestern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, characterized by high mountains, ravines, and valleys, with terrain that gradually ascends from south to north.[13]
Artush features undulating high mountains and minor plains, with the topography elevated in the north and declining in the south, gradually dropping from the southwest to the east, resulting in a complex terrain. The northern section of the city features a prominent mountainous region, characterized by the Maydan and Kara Tirzhek mountains of the Tianshan Mountains, along with undulating hills and mountain ranges. The central region comprises the middle highlands and low hills, interspersed with the Tugu Baiti and Harajun basins. The southern region features an intermountain floodplain, integral to the Kashgar delta, characterized by flat topography.[13]
| Climate data for Artush, elevation 1,268 m (4,160 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.1 (70.0) |
20.0 (68.0) |
28.4 (83.1) |
34.9 (94.8) |
36.0 (96.8) |
39.5 (103.1) |
41.0 (105.8) |
41.8 (107.2) |
37.0 (98.6) |
30.9 (87.6) |
25.1 (77.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
41.8 (107.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
6.0 (42.8) |
15.2 (59.4) |
23.3 (73.9) |
27.8 (82.0) |
31.7 (89.1) |
33.5 (92.3) |
32.2 (90.0) |
27.7 (81.9) |
20.5 (68.9) |
11.1 (52.0) |
2.0 (35.6) |
19.2 (66.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.0 (23.0) |
0.8 (33.4) |
9.7 (49.5) |
17.2 (63.0) |
21.6 (70.9) |
25.3 (77.5) |
27.1 (80.8) |
25.9 (78.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
13.9 (57.0) |
5.1 (41.2) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
13.4 (56.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.0 (15.8) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
4.4 (39.9) |
11.5 (52.7) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.3 (66.7) |
21.0 (69.8) |
19.8 (67.6) |
15.3 (59.5) |
7.9 (46.2) |
0.1 (32.2) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
8.0 (46.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −20.5 (−4.9) |
−20.7 (−5.3) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
4.1 (39.4) |
8.1 (46.6) |
11.4 (52.5) |
11.5 (52.7) |
6.5 (43.7) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−12.6 (9.3) |
−19.9 (−3.8) |
−20.7 (−5.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.3 (0.13) |
8.2 (0.32) |
6.8 (0.27) |
6.0 (0.24) |
15.8 (0.62) |
14.8 (0.58) |
14.5 (0.57) |
15.5 (0.61) |
10.9 (0.43) |
5.8 (0.23) |
3.1 (0.12) |
3.6 (0.14) |
108.3 (4.26) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 4.1 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 3.9 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 36.4 |
| Average snowy days | 6.2 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 5.5 | 17.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 63 | 51 | 37 | 29 | 31 | 31 | 33 | 37 | 40 | 43 | 52 | 65 | 43 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 147.7 | 154.2 | 175.4 | 210.1 | 261.9 | 293.1 | 307.3 | 283.3 | 240.7 | 227.9 | 181.4 | 135.3 | 2,618.3 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 49 | 50 | 47 | 52 | 59 | 66 | 68 | 68 | 66 | 67 | 62 | 47 | 58 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[14][15] all-time January high[16]all-time February high[17] | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
Artush includes three subdistricts, one town, six townships and one other area:[18][1][19]
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Kyrgyz (Arabic script) | Kyrgyz (Cyrillic script) | Administrative division code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subdistricts | ||||||||
| Xingfu Road Subdistrict (Bext Road Subdistrict) |
幸福路街道 | Xìngfúlù Jiēdào | بەخت يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى | bext yoli kocha bashqarmisi | باقىت جولۇ كۅچۅ باشقارماسى | Бакыт жолу көчө башкармасы | 653001001 | |
| Guangming Road Subdistrict (Nurluq Road Subdistrict) |
光明路街道 | Guāngmínglù Jiēdào | نۇرلۇق يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى | nurluq yoli kocha bashqarmisi | نۇرلۇق جولۇ كۅچۅ باشقارماسى | Нурлук жолу көчө башкармасы | 653001002 | |
| Xincheng Subdistrict | 新城街道 | Xīnchéng Jiēdào | يېڭى شەھەر كوچا باشقارمىسى | yëngi sheher kocha bashqarmisi | جاڭى شاار كۅچۅ باشقارماسى | Жаңы шаар көчө башкармасы | 653001003 | |
| Towns | ||||||||
| Ustun Artush Town (Shang'atushi[20]) |
上阿图什镇 | Shàng'ātúshí Zhèn | ئۈستۈن ئاتۇش بازىرى | Üstün Atush baziri | ۉستۉن ارتىش شاارچاسى | Үстүн Артыш шаарчасы | 653001100 | |
| Süntag Town[20] | 松他克镇 | Sōngtākè Zhèn | سۇنتاغ بازىرى | suntagh baziri | سۇنتاق شاارچاسى | Сунтак шаарчасы | 653001101 | |
| Azak Town | 阿扎克镇 | Āzhākè Zhèn | ئازاق بازىرى | Azaq baziri | ازاق شاارچاسى | Азак шаарчасы | 653001102 | |
| Townships | ||||||||
| Agu Township[20] | 阿湖乡 | Āhú Xiāng | ئاغۇ يېزىسى | Aghu yëzisi | اغۇۇ ايىلى | Агуу айылы | 653001102 | |
| Katyaylak Township[20] | 格达良乡 | Gédáliáng Xiāng | كاتتايلاق يېزىسى | kattaylaq yëzisi | كەتتئيلئك ايىلى | Кеттийлек айылы | 653001104 | |
| Karajül Township[21] (Karajol Township[20]) |
哈拉峻乡[22] | Hālājùn Xiāng | قاراجول يېزىسى | qarajol yëzisi | قاراجۉل ايىلى | Кара-Жүл айылы | 653001105 | |
| Tugurmiti Township | 吐古买提乡 | Tǔgǔmǎití Xiāng | تۈگۈرمىتى يېزىسى | tügürmiti yëzisi | تەگىرمەتى ايىلى | Тегирмети айылы | 653001106 | |
Other:
- Red Flag Farm of 3rd Division, XPCC (兵团农三师红旗农场)
Economy
Artush's economy is primarily agriculture, the agricultural products are mainly cotton, grapes, and sheep.
Industries in Artush include salt-making, cotton-ginning, food processing and cooking oil processing. Agricultural products include wheat, corn, sorghum, sesame, rice and others, and the local specialty is the common fig. Sheep are the main livestock in Artush.[12]
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 200,345 | — |
| 2010 | 240,368 | +1.84% |
| 2015 | 269,317 | +2.30% |
| 2018 | 285,507 | +1.96% |
| Sources:[1][23][5] | ||
As of 1997, 81.5% of the population of Artush was Uyghur.[24]
As of 1999, 79.68 per cent of the population of Artush were Uyghur and 7.21 per cent of the population were Han Chinese.[25]
As of 2015, 216,651 (80.44%) of the 269,317 residents of Artush were Uyghurs, 30,174 (11.20%) were Kyrgyz, 21,754 (8.08%) were Han Chinese and 738 were from other ethnic groups.[23]
As of 2018, the population of Artush was 285,507.
Transportation
Artush is served by the Southern Xinjiang Railway.[12]
Historical maps
Historical English-language maps including Artush:
-
Map including Artush A-t'u-shih (DMA, 1983)
-
-
-
Notes
- ^ Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.
- ^ From map: "DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE"
- ^ From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative."
- ^ From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative"
References
- ^ a b c d e 阿图什市历史沿革 [Artux City Historical Development] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 29 January 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
2000年第五次人口普查，阿图什市常住总人口200345人，{...}2003年，全市总面积15697.78平方千米，{...}2010年第六次人口普查，阿图什市常住总人口240368人，其中：幸福路街道21786人，光明路街道36316人，松他克乡36849人，阿扎克乡38574人，阿湖乡16189人，上阿图什乡45847人，格达良乡16248人，哈拉峻乡15931人，吐古买提乡9009人，兵团农三师红旗农场3619人。
- ^ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
- ^ a b Mu Xuequan, ed. (19 January 2020). "5.2-magnitude quake hits Xinjiang: CENC". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on September 29, 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
the city of Artux in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- ^ 阿图什市概况. xzqh.org. 2015-01-29. Retrieved 2019-09-30.
- ^ a b c 3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 [3-7 Population by Nationality by Prefecture, State, City and County (City)]. tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn (in Chinese). Statistical Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. 2020-06-10. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
- ^ 克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州党委史志办 (1994). 克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州地理志 (in Chinese). Contemporary China Publishing House. p. 28. Retrieved 2025-01-14.
- ^ 新疆概览 (in Chinese). Xinjiang People's Press. 2001. p. 307. ISBN 978-7-228-03579-3. Retrieved 2025-01-14.
- ^ 旅游中的新疆. 了解新疆, 认识新疆丛书 (in Chinese). Xinjiang People's Press. 2003. p. 32. ISBN 978-7-228-07994-0. Retrieved 2025-01-14.
- ^ 新疆维吾尔自治区地方志编纂委员会. 新疆通志. 新疆维吾尔自治区地方志丛书 (in Chinese). Xinjiang People's Press. p. 168. Retrieved 2025-01-14.
- ^ 阿图什市地方志编纂委员会 (1996). 阿图什市志. 新疆维吾尔自治区地方志丛书 (in Chinese). 新疆大学出版社. p. 56. ISBN 978-7-5631-0771-1. Retrieved 2025-01-14.
- ^ 克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州党委史志办 (1994). 克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州地理志 (in Chinese). Contemporary China Publishing House. p. 13. Retrieved 2025-01-14.
- ^ a b c d Xia Zhengyi 夏征农; Chen Zhili 陈至立, eds. (September 2009). 辞海：第六版彩图本 [Cihai (Sixth Edition in Color)] (in Chinese). Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House. p. 0017. ISBN 9787532628599.
- ^ a b 阿图什市地方志编纂委员会 (1996). 阿图什市志. 新疆维吾尔自治区地方志丛书 (in Chinese). 新疆大学出版社. p. 14. ISBN 978-7-5631-0771-1. Retrieved 2025-01-14.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ "Sina Visitor System" 【气温破纪录】今天有284个国家气象站（超10%比例）打破1月中旬最高气温纪录，这其中还有105站气温打破1月最高气温纪录。比如郑州21.9℃、太原老站14.9℃。具体详见下图表格。明天暖破纪录的情况可能还会出现，主要在四川东部、湖北、安徽、江苏以及山东南部。 (in Simplified Chinese). weatherman_信欣 on Weibo. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
- ^ "Sina Visitor System" 【寒潮来袭 冷暖反转】今天截至17时最高，有河北河南山西陕西宁夏甘肃青海新疆云南，共63站打破2月最高纪录。今天有16个省会首府直辖市气温创今年新高，北方15个除了济南，14个都创新高了，另外加上成都和重庆，2个南方站点。长春、呼和浩特为今年首次上10℃，天津、西安泾河、兰州、银川、成都温江，为今年首次上20℃，郑州为今年首次上25℃。 明天气温走势分化，东北中东部、华北南部到江南华南多地气温还会继续维持高位或上升。内蒙古宁夏甘肃等地出现明显降温。由于明天内蒙古中东部有降水，气温会出现倒降走势，因此图4-5看似降温分了两天，其实一天基本就到位，明天内蒙古局地可能看到24小时降温20℃的情况。这次冷空气的影响，重点在长江以北，过长江后的威力会减弱。 今晚中央气象台发布寒潮蓝色预警：受冷空气影响，预计，2月20日20时至2月23日08时，新疆北疆北部、内蒙古、西北地区中北部、东北地区大部、华北大部、黄淮东部等地将先后降温6～10℃，其中，内蒙古、吉林大部、黑龙江西北部等地部分地区降温12～16℃，局地降温可达16℃以上。2月23日最低温度0℃线将南压到华北南部至陕西中南部一带。 今年春节假期，一头一尾，各有一次寒潮，中间天气回暖，气温波动巨大。而且最高气温比平均气温和最低气温降幅更大。明天长春最高13℃，23日最高零下6℃，24日最高零下8℃，过程降温超20℃。哈尔滨明天最高9℃，23日最高零下9℃，2天降18℃。郑州明天27℃，23日10℃，2天降17℃。石家庄明天最高25℃、23日最高9℃，两天降16℃。需要注意及时增减衣物。 (in Simplified Chinese). weatherman_信欣 on Weibo. Retrieved 20 February 2026.
{{cite web}}: line feed character in|script-title=at position 174 (help) - ^ 2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：阿图什市 [2019 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Artux City] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
统计用区划代码 名称 653001001000 幸福路街道 653001002000 光明路街道 653001003000 新城街道 653001100000 上阿图什镇 653001200000 松他克乡 653001201000 阿扎克乡 653001202000 阿湖乡 653001204000 格达良乡 653001205000 哈拉峻乡 653001206000 吐古买提乡 653001500000 兵团农三师红旗农场
- ^ 阿图什市行政区划 (in Simplified Chinese). Artux People's Government. 12 June 2019. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
阿图什市于1986年经国务院批准撤县设市，辖7乡、3场、2个街道办事处
- ^ a b c d e Xie Yuzhong 解玉忠 (2003). 地名中的新疆 (in Simplified Chinese). Ürümqi: 新疆人民出版社. pp. 189–190. ISBN 7-228-08004-1.
- ^ Karajül (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^ 生物景观类 (in Simplified Chinese). Artush People's Government. 12 June 2019. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
柳树林距哈拉峻乡政府驻地约26千米，占地数十亩。
- ^ a b 3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 (in Simplified Chinese). شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى 新疆维吾尔自治区统计局 Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
- ^ 1997年阿图什市行政区划 [1997 Artush City Administrative Divisions] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 31 December 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州辖市，州府驻地。位于自治州西南部，与吉尔吉斯斯坦接壤。面积1.5万平方千米，人口18.4万，有柯尔克孜、维吾尔、汉、回、哈萨克、塔吉克等16个民族，其中维吾尔族占81.5％，辖2街道7乡。（本页根据《中国政区大典》整理，1997年左右资料）
- ^ Morris Rossabi, ed. (2004). Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers (PDF). University of Washington Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-295-98390-6.