Aranama language
| Aranama | |
|---|---|
| Tamique, Hanáma | |
| Native to | United States |
| Region | Texas |
| Ethnicity | Aranama, Tamique |
| Extinct | late 19th century |
unclassified | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xrt |
xrt | |
| Glottolog | aran1265 |
Pre-contact distribution of the Aranama language | |
Aranama – also known as Araname, Haname, or Tamique – is an extinct unclassified language of Texas, US. It was spoken by the Aranama and Tamique peoples at the Franciscan mission of Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga. It is only known from a two-word phrase from a non-native speaker: himiána tsáyi 'give me water!'.[1] Variations on the name are Taranames, Jaranames ~ Xaranames ~ Charinames, Chaimamé, Hanáma ~ Hanáme.[2]
Vocabulary
In 1884, Albert Gatschet recorded one word and a two-word phrase from "Old Simon," a Tonkawa man who also served as an informant for the Karankawa language, of which a short vocabulary was recorded. According to Old Simon, the words were from a language that he referred to as "Hanáma" (or "Háname"):[3]: 193
- himiyána 'water'
- Himiána tsýi! 'Give me water!'
Lexical comparison
Below is a comparison of words from selected nearby languages in Zamponi (2024):[4]
language Aranama Coahuilteco[5] Solano[6] Tonkawa[7] W. Atakapa[8] Karankawa[9] Cotoname[6] Comecrudo[6] 'give me' tsaʹyi -a·xa sieh k-e·ke-w hiʹ-mic baHúšb[a] ayemaʹ 'give' 'water' himiyaʹna wan apam ʔa·x ka(u)ʹkau klej aʹx̣ aʹx̣
See also
Notes
- ^ H stands for the unclear and putative value of <h> in French and Spanish sources.
References
- ^ Swanton, John Reed (1940). "Linguistic material from the tribes of southern Texas and northeastern Mexico". Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin. 127: 1–145. hdl:10088/15429.
- ^ Craig H. Roell, "NUESTRA SENORA DEL ESPIRITU SANTO DE ZUNIGA MISSION," Handbook of Texas Online [1], accessed July 12, 2012. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
- ^ Mithun, Marianne (2017). "Language Isolates". In Campbell, Lyle (ed.). Language Isolates of North America. Routledge Language Family Series. London: Routledge. pp. 193–228. doi:10.4324/9781315750026. ISBN 9781315750026.
- ^ Zamponi, Raoul (2024). "Unclassified languages". The Languages and Linguistics of Indigenous North America. De Gruyter. pp. 1627–1648. doi:10.1515/9783110712742-061. ISBN 978-3-11-071274-2.
- ^ Troike, Rudolph C. 1996. "Sketch of Coahuilteco, a language isolate of Texas". In Ives Goddard (ed.), Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 17: Languages, 644–665. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ a b c Swanton, John R. 1940. Linguistic material from the tribes of Southern Texas and Northeastern Mexico. (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 127). Washington: Government Printing Office.
- ^ Hoijer, Harry; Wier, Thomas R., eds. (2018). Tonkawa texts: a new linguistic edition. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-5899-0.
- ^ Gatschet, Albert S. & John R. Swanton. 1932. Dictionary of the Atakapa language accompanied by text material. (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 108). Washington: Government Printing Office.
- ^ Grant, Anthony P. (1994-01-01). "Karankawa linguistic Materials". Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics. doi:10.17161/KWPL.1808.318. hdl:1808/318. ISSN 1043-3805.