Aquaphor

Aquaphor
Product typeSkin protectant ointment
OwnerBeiersdorf AG
Introduced1925 (1925)
WebsiteOfficial website

Aquaphor is a brand of over-the-counter (OTC) skin care ointments manufactured by Beiersdorf Inc., an affiliate of Beiersdorf AG.

The brand was introduced in the United States in 1925. In accordance with the Food and Drug Administration's OTC Skin Protectant Monograph, Aquaphor contains 41 percent petrolatum (petroleum jelly) as its active ingredient.[1] It is used to temporarily protect minor cuts, scrapes, and burns, as well as chapped or cracked skin.[2] The product line includes ointments for compounding, general skin therapy, lip repair, and baby care.

Aquaphor is used and recommended by health care professionals for minor post-operative wounds or defects.[3]

History

Aquaphor was developed in 1925 in the United States laboratories of Beiersdorf Inc. It was trademarked that year by Herman A. Metz, the company's president. In 1929, Beiersdorf sold the Aquaphor trademarks to Duke Laboratories to facilitate manufacturing in the country.[4]

In 1936, Aquaphor's first product offering was sold to doctors, pharmacists and hospitals in 5 lb. containers. Production was discontinued during World War II but resumed by Duke Laboratories in 1960. At that time, 1 lb cans and 2 oz tubes were sold to medical professionals.[4] Beiersdorf repurchased the trademarks from Duke Laboratories in 1973.[4]

In 1982, the product was sold directly to consumers for the first time. The formulation was expanded in 1991 with the launch of "Advanced Therapy Healing Ointment", an addition to the original ointment. Beiersdorf further expanded the brand in the early 2000s, introducing baby products in 2003 and a lip repair line in 2011. In 2012, the brand launched globally in 25 other countries. In 2013, Aquaphor achieved the Good Housekeeping Seal.[5]

Properties and ingredients

In a study funded by Aquaphor's parent company, it was found that their "Healing Ointment" product was associated with (but did not cause) decreased redness around the wound but did not perform better than other products clinically.[6]

Aquaphor is not comedogenic and does not contain any fragrances, preservatives, or dyes.[7]

Unlike Vaseline (100% petrolatum), which is occlusive, Aquaphor (41% petrolatum) claims to form a semi-occlusive barrier on the skin. This theoretically enables the transmission of water and oxygen, which is important for wound healing and the formation of a protective moist healing environment.[8] However, no studies have been conducted using this brand to test these healing claims.

Key ingredients

  • Petrolatum: An active ingredient and OTC skin protectant, petrolatum forms an occlusive barrier on the skin and helps retain moisture.[2]
  • Mineral oil: A colorless, odorless, light oil, commonly obtained as a highly refined derivative of crude oil.[9] Baby oil is a perfumed variety of mineral oil.
  • Ceresin: A wax derived from the purification of the natural wax ozokerite.[10]
  • Lanolin alcohol: A subfraction of lanolin (wool wax) which imparts emulsifying and emollient properties. It is composed of cholesterol, other sterols, and free fatty acids.[11] Moisturizers containing Cholesterol and fatty acid mixtures have been shown to provide skin benefits.[12] Since this ingredient is sourced from wool from animals, this product is not suitable for vegans.
  • Glycerin: A humectant that attracts and binds moisture in the stratum corneum, helping to keep it hydrated. It is commonly used as a moisturizing agent in lotions, creams, and cosmetics. Most glycerin used in products in the U.S. comes from animals. If it is natural glycerin, it will typically be labeled ‘plant derived’.[13][14][15]
  • Panthenol: Also known as pro-Vitamin B5. When applied topically, it has humectant properties and conditions the skin.[16][17]
  • Bisabolol: Derived from the Chamomile plant, bisabolol can have anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic and healing effects.[18]

See also

References

  1. ^ "21 CFR Part 310 Drugs for Human Use". Archived from the original on 8 September 2003. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  2. ^ a b "21 CFR Part 347 Skin Protectant". Archived from the original on 8 September 2003. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  3. ^ Nijhawan, Rajiv I; Smith, Lauren A; Kavita, Mariwalla (2013). "The Use of Topical Emollients in Post-Operative Wound Care Among Mohs Surgeons". Dermatol Surg. 39 (8): 2–6. doi:10.1111/dsu.12245. PMID 23777421. S2CID 205081548.
  4. ^ a b c Jones, Geoffrey; Lubinski, Christina (2011). Managing Political Risk in Global Business: Beiersdorf 1914–1990 (PDF). Oxford University Press. pp. 21, 25, 31. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  5. ^ Good Housekeeping >"Good Housekeeping Seal". p. 12. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  6. ^ Trookman, Nathan S; Rizer, Ronald L; Weber, Teresa (2011). "Treatment of minor wounds from dermatologic procedures: A comparison of three topical wound care ointments using a laser wound model". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 64 (3): 8–15. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.11.011. ISSN 0190-9622. PMID 21247665.
  7. ^ Trookman, Nathan S; Rizer, Ronald L; Weber, Teresa (2011). "Treatment of minor wounds from dermatologic procedures: A comparison of three topical wound care ointments using a laser wound model". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 64 (3): 23–29. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.11.011. ISSN 0190-9622. PMID 21247665.
  8. ^ Field, Charles K; Kerstein, Morris D (1994). "Overview of Wound Healing in a Moist Environment". The American Journal of Surgery. 167 (1A): 2–6. doi:10.1016/0002-9610(94)90002-7. PMID 8109679.
  9. ^ "Definition of mineral oil". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  10. ^ "Definition of ceresin". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  11. ^ Loden, Marie; Barany, Ebba (2008). "Skin-identical Lipids Versus Petrolatum in the Treatment of Tape-stripped and Detergent-perturbed Human Skin". Acad Dermatol Venerol. 80 (8): 412–415. doi:10.1080/000155500300012774. ISSN 0001-5555. PMID 11243632.
  12. ^ Buraczewska, I.; Berne, B.; Lindberg, M.; Torma, H.; Loden, M. (2007). "Changes in skin barrier function following long-term treatment with moisturizers, a randomized controlled trial". British Journal of Dermatology. 156 (3): 492–498. doi:10.1111/J.1365-2133.2006.07685.X. PMID 17300239. S2CID 45437649.
  13. ^ Bjoerklund, Sebastian; Engblom, Johan; Sparr, Emma (2013). "Glycerol and urea can be used to increase skin permeability in reduced hydration conditions". European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 50 (5): 638–645. doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2013.04.022. PMID 23643739.
  14. ^ Fluhr, J.W.; Gloor, M.; Lehmann, L.; Lazzerini, S; Distante, F.; Berardeska, E. (1999). "Glycerol Accelerates Recovery of Barrier Function In Vivo". Acta Derm Venereol. 79 (6): 418–421. doi:10.1080/000155599750009825. PMID 10598752.
  15. ^ Fluhr, J.W.; Darlenski, R.; Surber, C. (2008). "Glycerol and the skin: holistic approach to its origin and functions". British Journal of Dermatology. 159 (79): 418–421. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08643.x. PMID 18510666. S2CID 22435026.
  16. ^ Ebner, Fritz; Heller, Andreas; Rippke, Frank; Tausch, Irene (2002). "Topical Use of Dexpanthenol in Skin Disorders". American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 3 (6): 427–433. doi:10.2165/00128071-200203060-00005. ISSN 1175-0561. PMID 12113650. S2CID 35836478.
  17. ^ Proksch, E.; Nissen, H.P. (2002). "Dexpanthenol enhances skin barrier repair and reduces inflammation after sodium lauryl sulphate-induced irritation". J Dermatol Treat. 13 (4): 173–178. doi:10.1080/09546630212345674. PMID 19753737. S2CID 24821603.
  18. ^ Kim, S.; Jung, E.; Kim, JH; Park, YH; Lee, J.; Park, J. (2011). "Inhibitory effects of (-)-α -bisabolol on LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages". Food Chem Toxicol. 49 (10): 2580–2585. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.076. PMID 21771629.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.