Andrew Bryan (Baptist)

Andrew Bryan (1737–1812) founded Bryan Street African Baptist Church,[1] affectionately called the Mother Church of Black Baptists, and First African Baptist Church of Savannah in Savannah, Georgia,[2][3] the first black Baptist churches to be established in America.[4] Bryan was formerly enslaved by Jonathan Bryan.[5]

Andrew Bryan was born in 1737 in Goose Creek, South Carolina, to slave parents. He married a woman named Hannah. Bryan converted to Christianity through the preaching of George Liele.[6] After Liele left Savannah for a mission to Jamaica, Bryan began to preach. He was imprisoned twice for preaching to enslaved people, but he continued to do so. He was also severely whipped but was noted for enduring the suffering as Jesus Christ had done.[7] Bryan established the church which would eventually become known as First African Baptist Church, and it grew from sixty-nine members in 1788 to about seven hundred by 1800.[8]

Origin and family

Bryan was born in 1737 in the small town of Goose Creek, South Carolina. Bryan was born on a plantation called Brampton, owned by Jonathan Bryan. Brampton was known as a productive rice plantation. His father was a man named Caesar, who was enslaved along with Bryan.[9] He was a mixture of black and white. Andrew served as a coachman and a body servant to Jonathan. Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (S.P.G.) was an organization that cared for British colonists in religious matters and supported the spiritual needs of Indians and enslaved people. The S.P.G. organization influenced Bryan to become a religious leader.

He had a brother by the name of Sampson Bryan. His nephew was Rev Andrew Marshall; Marshall preached at the Second African Baptist Church before pastoring the First African Baptist Church from 1808 onwards.[10] Bryan was married to Hannah.[11] It was believed that they had a daughter.[9]

The beginning of preaching

While growing up on the Brampton plantation, Bryan came across a man named George Liele. Liele was the first African American to be ordained and travel out of the country. Bryan and Liele became good friends and started preaching alongside each other. In 1783, Bryan and his wife were baptized along with some other enslaved people. Abraham Marshall and Jesse Peters baptized 45 people who followed Bryan's teachings. Those 45 people regularly organized and then became his congregation.[12] Bryan was ordained and became the pastor of the first Baptist church in Savannah, Georgia. Sampson was the first deacon of the church. Bryan would preach along the Savannah River.

Liele went away to Jamaica, and Bryan and two other preachers took over the churches that Liele had preached at.[13] One of these locations was owned by Edward Davis in Yamacraw. Davis encouraged Bryan to build a religious place in the village of Yamacraw. The gatherings at the village of Yamacraw got so big that the white community thought it was a plot of rebellion.[12]

Service interruptions and arrest

Andrew Bryan became so good at preaching that many people attended his services in the village of Yamacraw. The white community did not like that there were a lot of African-American people gathering for Bryan's services. The enslavers did not want the people they enslaved to listen to Bryan because they believed that he was plotting a rebellion. Whites harassed the enslaved people who did attend the services. The enslaved people were punished with whipping, shackling, hanging, beating, burning, and imprisonment. The church services were interrupted constantly by the whites.[14] Bryan was accused of plotting a rebellion, so he was beaten and thrown in jail. Sampson was also thrown in jail along with Bryan. Jonathan Bryan and other plantation owners protested the arrest of Andrew Bryan. The Justice of the Inferior Court of Chatham County analyzed the case, resulting in Bryan and Samson being found innocent and released. After they were released, Bryan returned to preaching at Jonathan Bryan's barn from sunrise to sunset.[15]

Expansion and ending

While preaching in the barn on the Brampton plantation, Bryan's following continued to increase. Several prominent white males supported Bryan and his preachings. In 1788, the First Baptist Church was certified; this predated the first local Baptist Church for white people by five years.[16] In the same year Jonathan Bryan died and left Bryan 95 pounds sterling. Bryan used 50 pounds to buy his freedom from William Bryan, Jonathan Bryan's brother. On June 1, 1790, with 27 pounds of sterling, he bought property from Thomas Gibbons that became a place for a new church. William Bryan and James Whitfield bought land for Bryan and his family to live on.

In 1805, the first African Baptist church, Savannah Baptist church, and Newington Baptist Church became the Savannah River Baptist Association. Contributions from Bryan allowed this to happen. Bryan pastored for 24 years and died at 92 on October 6, 1812. He is interred in Whitefield Square in Savannah.[17]

Notes

  1. ^ Jeff (2009-05-13). "Thoughts and Theology: The Rev. Andrew Bryan 1737-1812". Thoughts and Theology. Retrieved 2016-08-20.
  2. ^ "Africans in America: Andrew Bryan". WGBH Educational Foundation.
  3. ^ Martin, Sandy Dwayne. "Andrew Bryan (1737-1812)". Georgia Humanities Council and the University of Georgia Press.
  4. ^ "Africans in America: First African Baptist Church of Savannah". WGBH Educational Foundation.
  5. ^ Alan Gallay (2007). The Formation of a Planter Elite: Jonathan Bryan and the Southern Colonial Frontier. University of Georgia Press. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-8203-3018-1.
  6. ^ "Andrew Bryan: Pastor, Church Planter, and Servant of God | Center for the Study of Human Behavior". 2022-03-16. Retrieved 2025-09-24.
  7. ^ Davis, John W. (1918). "George Liele and Andrew Bryan, Pioneer Negro Baptist Preachers". Journal of Negro History. 3 (2): 119–127. doi:10.2307/2713485. JSTOR 2713485. S2CID 150092032.
  8. ^ Williams, David S. (2008). From Mounds to Megachurches: Georgia's Religious Heritage. Athens: University of Georgia Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-0820336381.
  9. ^ a b "Andrew Bryan". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2025-09-24.
  10. ^ "Chapter Ten, Rev Andrew C Marshall". Reformed Reader. Retrieved November 20, 2025.
  11. ^ "Bryan, Andrew (1737-1812)". Black Past. Retrieved November 20, 2025.
  12. ^ a b "Africans in America/Part 2/Andrew Bryan". www.pbs.org. Retrieved 2025-09-24.
  13. ^ "Visit First Bryan and First African Baptist Churches in Savannah Georgia". N-Georgia.com. Retrieved November 20, 2025.
  14. ^ "Resolute Andrew Bryan Bought His Freedom and Founded a Church | It Happened Today". Christian History Institute. Retrieved 2025-09-24.
  15. ^ Liele, George; Cooke, Stephen; Marshall, Abraham; Clarke, Jonathan; Swigle, Thomas Nichols (1916). "Letters Showing the Rise and Progress of the Early Negro Churches of Georgia and the West Indies". The Journal of Negro History. 1 (1): 69–92. doi:10.2307/2713517. ISSN 0022-2992.
  16. ^ "First African Baptist Church of Savannah". PBS. Retrieved November 20, 2025.
  17. ^ Whitefield Square – Savannah.com
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.