Anajás River
| Anajás River | |
|---|---|
| Location | |
| Country | Brazil |
| State | Pará |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Mondongo swamps, Marajó |
| Mouth | |
• location | Vieira Grande Bay |
| Length | 310[1] km (190 mi) |
| Basin size | 24,083 km2 (9,298 sq mi)[2] |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Guajará River, Cururu River, Jacaré River[3] |
| • right | Moções River |
The Anajás River (Portuguese: Rio Anajás) is a river of Marajó, which itself is an island in the Amazon Delta. It is located in the state Pará in northern Brazil.[4]
Its source is in Ponta de Pedras municipality, in the swamp areas called mondongos that are normally flooded during the wet season.[5] It mainly flows in a westerly direction. Its main tributary is the Moções River on its right bank. It joins the Anajás opposite the main town along the river, which is also called Anajás.[3] To the south of the river is an area of flooded igapó forests.[6]
The Anajás is a tidal river. During high tides, it receives an influx of waters from the Amazon River. Its headwaters and those of its tributaries become brackish due to the influence of the Atlantic Ocean, or they even dry up during summer.[7]
Excavations attest to the expansion of the Marajoara culture along the Anajás River between 700 and 1100 AD. The inhabitants occupied river headwaters, lakes and seasonally flooded areas and reproduced hydraulic control systems to optimise the capture of water, in a system of dams and reservoirs. Platforms were constructed of beaten earth for housing, ceremonies and festivals.[8]
Since the 1980s, there have been plans for canals to connect the Anajás to the Atuá River or its tributary the Anabiju to facilitate transport between Belém and Macapá, but these haven't materialised.[9][10][11]
See also
References
- ^ Lima, H.P.; Oliveira, E.; Alves, D.T.; et al. (2024). "Pesquisas arqueológicas em Anajás, Marajó, Pará". Antropologia e seus campos. 5.
- ^ Lima, A.M.M.; Oliveira, L.L.; Fontinhas, R.L.; Lima, R.J.S. (2005). "Ilha do Marajó: revisão histórica, hidroclimatologia, bacias hidrográficas e proposta de gestão". HOLOS Environment. 5 (1): 65–80.
- ^ a b "O Município". Anajás Municipal Council.
- ^ "Mapa rodoviário Pará" (PDF). GifeX. Brazilian Ministry of Transport.
- ^ Globus. Vol. 85. Bibliographisches Institut. 1904.
- ^ Lisboa, P.L.B. (2012). A Terra dos Aruã: Uma história ecológica do arquipelágo do Marajó. Belém: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi.
- ^ Gallo, G. (1981). Marajó: a ditadura da água. Belém: O Nosso Museu.
- ^ Schaan, D.P.; Silva, W.F.V. (2004). "O povo das águas e sua expansão territorial:uma abordagem regional de sociedades pré-coloniais na ilha de Marajó". Revista de Arqueologia. 17: 13–32.
- ^ "Hidrovia do Marajó". Administração Hidroviária da Amazônia Oriental. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012.
- ^ Beretta, P.L. (1980). "L'isola di Marajò (Parà, Brasile)". Bollettino della Società Geografica Italiana. 10 (9): 479–515.
- ^ Relatório de Impacto Ambiental (RIMA): Ligação hidroviária dos Rios Atuá e Anajás, Ilha do Marajó, PA (PDF) (Report). Companhia Docas do Pará, Administração das Hídrovías da Amazônia Oriental. 1998.