Amyotha Hluttaw
Amyotha Hluttaw အမျိုးသားလွှတ်တော် | |
|---|---|
| Type | |
Term limits | 5 years; can serve for three consecutive years upon reelection |
| History | |
| Founded | 31 January 2011 |
| Preceded by | Pyithu Hluttaw (1974–1988) |
| Leadership | |
Deputy Speaker | Jeng Phang Naw Taung, USDP since 18 March 2026 |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 224 MPs |
Amyotha Hluttaw political groups | USDP (108) NUP (16) |
| Elections | |
Last Amyotha Hluttaw election | 2025–26 |
| Meeting place | |
| Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Complex, Naypyidaw | |
| Website | |
| www | |
| Myanmar portal |
The Amyotha Hluttaw (Burmese: အမျိုးသားလွှတ်တော်, IPA: [ʔəmjóðá l̥ʊʔtɔ̀]; lit. 'National Assembly') is one of the houses of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the bicameral legislature of Myanmar (Burma). It consists of 224 members, of which 168 are directly elected and 56 appointed by the Myanmar Armed Forces. There is no upper house and lower house in Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as both Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw enjoy equal status as per the constitution.[1]
Due to the coup d'état on 1 February 2021, the day the new session was set to begin after the 2020 Myanmar general election, the new session did not start.[2] Instead, the assembly was kept vacant for five years until the 2025–26 Myanmar general election, with the assembly convened on 18 March 2026.[3]
The first session of the 3rd Amyotha Hluttaw was convened on 18 March 2026, Aung Lin Dwe and Jeng Phang Naw Taung were elected Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw and Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as a whole. [4]
Composition
The Amyotha Hluttaw consists of 224 members: 168 directly elected and 56 appointed by the Myanmar Armed Forces, under a unique constitutional provision that has no parallel in the world. Twelve representatives are elected by each state or region (inclusive of relevant Union territories, and including one representative from each Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone).[5]
2016–2021
| Amyotha Hluttaw elections, 2015[6] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− | |||
| NLD | 135 | 132 | 60.27 | ||||||
| USDP | 11 | 113 | 4.91 | ||||||
| ANP | 10 | 4 | 4.46 | ||||||
| SNLD | 3 | 2 | 1.34 | ||||||
| TNP | 2 | 2 | 0.89 | ||||||
| ZCD | 2 | 2 | 0.89 | ||||||
| MNP | 1 | 1 | 0.45 | ||||||
| NUP | 1 | 4 | 0.45 | ||||||
| PNO | 1 | 1 | 0.45 | ||||||
| Independent | 2 | 2 | 0.89 | ||||||
| AMRDP | 0 | 4 | 0 | ||||||
| SNDP | 0 | 3 | 0 | ||||||
| Others | 0 | 18 | 0 | ||||||
| Military appointees | 56 | 25.00 | – | – | 0 | ||||
| Total | 224 | 100 | 100 | ||||||
| Amyotha Hluttaw by Regions and States, 2015 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Region/State | NLD | USDP | ANP | SNLD | ZCD | PNO | TNP | MNP | NUP | Independent | Total |
| Kachin State | 10 | 1 | 1 | 12 | |||||||
| Kayah State | 9 | 2 | 1 | 12 | |||||||
| Kayin State | 10 | 2 | 12 | ||||||||
| Chin State | 9 | 1 | 2 | 12 | |||||||
| Mon State | 11 | 1 | 12 | ||||||||
| Rakhine State | 1 | 1 | 10 | 12 | |||||||
| Shan State | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2[7] | 12 | |||||
| Sagaing Region | 12 | 12 | |||||||||
| Tanintharyi Region | 12 | 12 | |||||||||
| Bago Region | 12 | 12 | |||||||||
| Magway Region | 12 | 12 | |||||||||
| Mandalay Region | 10 | 2 | 12 | ||||||||
| Yangon Region | 12 | 12 | |||||||||
| Ayeyarwady Region | 12 | 12 | |||||||||
| Total | 135 | 11 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 168 |
The 2015 election results are as of 20 November 2015. Military appointees are not included in the Amyotha Hluttaw by Regions and States, 2015 table.[8]
2011–2016
| Party | Seats[9] | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Union Solidarity and Development Party | 129 | 57.59 | |
| Rakhine Nationalities Development Party | 7 | 3.13 | |
| National Unity Party | 5 | 2.23 | |
| National Democratic Force | 4 | 1.79 | |
| All Mon Region Democracy Party | 4 | 1.79 | |
| Chin Progressive Party | 4 | 1.79 | |
| Shan Nationalities Democratic Party | 3 | 1.33 | |
| Phalon-Sawaw Democratic Party | 3 | 1.33 | |
| Chin National Party | 2 | 0.89 | |
| Pa-O National Organisation | 1 | 0.45 | |
| Kayin People's Party | 1 | 0.45 | |
| Taaung (Palaung) National Party | 1 | 0.45 | |
| Wa Democratic Party | 1 | 0.45 | |
| Unity and Democracy Party of Kachin State | 1 | 0.45 | |
| Kayin State Democracy and Development Party | 1 | 0.45 | |
| Independent | 1 | 0.45 | |
| Military appointees | 56 | 25.00 | |
| Total | 224 | 100 | |
| Date | Constituency | Old MP | Party | New MP | Party | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| August 2011 | Rangoon Division No. 3 | Phone Myint Aung | NDF | Phone Myint Aung | NNDP | Changed party membership[10] |
| December 2011 | Rangoon Region No. 4 | Myat Nyana Soe | NDF | Myat Nyana Soe | NLD | Changed party membership[11] |
| 28 January 2012 | Sagaing Division No. 2 | Bogyi aka Aung Ngwe | USDP | – | – | Deceased[12] |
| Party | Seats won | Change | Seats before | Seats after[13] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Union Solidarity and Development Party | 1 | 5 | 128 | 123 | |
| Rakhine Nationalities Development Party | 0 | 7 | 7 | ||
| National Unity Party | 0 | 5 | 5 | ||
| National League for Democracy | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | |
| National Democratic Force | 0 | 2 | 2 | ||
| New National Democracy Party | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| All Mon Region Democracy Party | 0 | 4 | 4 | ||
| Chin Progressive Party | 0 | 4 | 4 | ||
| Shan Nationalities Democratic Party | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | |
| Phalon-Sawaw Democratic Party | 0 | 3 | 3 | ||
| Chin National Party | 0 | 2 | 2 | ||
| Pa-O National Organization | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Kayin People's Party | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Taaung (Palaung) National Party | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Wa Democratic Party | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Unity and Democracy Party of Kachin State | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Kayin State Democracy and Development Party | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Independent | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Vacant | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Military appointees | – | – | 56 | 56 | |
| Total | 6 | 224 | 224 | ||
| Date | Constituency | Old MP | Party | New MP | Party | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 February 2013 | Rangoon Division No. 6 | Tin Shwe | NDF | – | – | Became a Deputy Minister[12] |
| 2013 | Arakan State No. 4 | Maung Sa Pru | RNDP | – | – | Deceased[12] |
See also
References
- ^ Egreteau, Renaud (2022). Crafting Parliament in Myanmar's Disciplined Democracy, 2011-2021). Oxford University Press. pp. 56. ISBN 9780192858740.
- ^
- "Amid Coup, Myanmar's NLD Lawmakers Form Committee to Serve as Legitimate Parliament". The Irrawaddy. 8 February 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
- "Myanmar coup: Week of Feb.1 to Feb. 21, EU action in focus as foreign ministers set to meet". Nikkei Asia. 1 February 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
- Ratcliffe, Rebecca (5 February 2021). "'We're not brainwashed': a week of turmoil in Myanmar". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
- Smith, Patrick; Mogul, Rhea; Eppler, Kyle (1 February 2021). "Aung San Suu Kyi urges people to resist Myanmar military coup". NBC News. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
- ^ "Myanmar parliament convenes for first time in 5 years". Nikkei Asia. 16 March 2026. Retrieved 16 March 2026.
- ^ Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus) (18 March 2026). "Myanmar elects new Upper House Speaker". Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus) (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 18 March 2026.
- ^ 2008 Constitution, Myanmar. Pg. Article 141 (a)
- ^ "Announcement 93/2015". Union Election Commission. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
- ^ "Announcement 95/2015". Union Election Commission. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
- ^ "Announcement 93/2015". Union Election Commission. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
- ^ "Burma's 2010 Elections: A comprehensive report" (PDF). Burma Fund UN Office. 31 January 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
- ^ "New political party says it wants to work for a peaceful Burma". Mizzima. 24 August 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
- ^ "NDF MPs rejoin NLD". Mizzima. 9 April 2012. Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
- ^ a b c "National Assembly – Overview – Parliament Watch". ALTSEAN Burma. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
- ^ "National Assembly – Overview – Parliament Watch". ALTSEAN Burma. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012.