Amborhytida

Amborhytida
Amborhytida dunniae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Order: Stylommatophora
Superfamily: Rhytidoidea
Family: Rhytididae
Subfamily: Rhytidinae
Genus: Amborhytida
Climo, 1974
Type species
Helix dunniae
Synonyms[1]
  • Rhytida (Amborhytida) Climo, 1974

Amborhytida is a genus of land snails belonging to the family Rhytididae.[1] First described in 1974, members of the genus are endemic to New Zealand.

Description

Members of Amborhytida have one or two peripheral keels, no oblique peripheral cords, a reduced penis, and no spermatheca.[2]

Taxonomy

Amborhytida was described by Frank Climo in 1974, who described it as a subgenus of Rhytida.[3] Amborhytida was raised to genus level in 1999.[4][5] Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the members of Amborhytida diverged relatively recently in geological terms, within approximately 1.9 to 6.6 million years ago.[5] Hamish Spencer, Fred J. Brook and Martyn Kennedy (2006) suggest this is likely due to areas of the Aupōuri Peninsula being islands during the Pliocene, including Cape Reinga-North Cape, Tohoraha / Mount Camel, and the Karikari Peninsula.[5] Some of the closest genera to Amborhytida include Schizoglossa and Paryphanta, which separated into different genera between 9 and 11.6 million years ago.[5]

Ecology

Paryphanta busbyi and the Polynesian rat are a known predators of Amborhytida.[6][4] Amborhytida has been observed eating the eggs of Maoristylus ambagiosus.[7]

Distribution and habitat

The genus is endemic to New Zealand, found on the upper North Island and Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands.[8]

Species

Species within the genus Kokikora include:[1]

  • Amborhytida dunniae (J. E. Gray, 1840)
  • Amborhytida duplicata (Suter, 1904)
  • Amborhytida forsythi (A. W. B. Powell, 1952)

References

  1. ^ a b c Amborhytida Climo, 1974. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 11 December 2025.
  2. ^ Powell, A.W.B. (1979). New Zealand Mollusca: Marine, Land and Freshwater Shells. Auckland: Collins. p. 345. ISBN 0002169061.
  3. ^ Climo, F. M. (1974). "A new subgenus of Rhytida Albers, 1860 (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Paryphantidae) from New Zealand". Records of the Dominion Museum. 8: 181–183.
  4. ^ a b Brook, F. J. (June 1999). "Changes in the landsnail fauna of Lady Alice Island, northeastern New Zealand". Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 29 (2): 135–157. doi:10.1080/03014223.1999.9517588. ISSN 0303-6758. Wikidata Q54638283.
  5. ^ a b c d Spencer, Hamish G.; Brook, Fred J.; Kennedy, Martyn (March 2006). "Phylogeography of Kauri Snails and their allies from Northland, New Zealand (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae: Paryphantinae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 38 (3): 835–42. doi:10.1016/J.YMPEV.2005.10.015. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 16503282. Wikidata Q28299348.
  6. ^ Stringer, Ian A.N.; Bassett, Suzanne M.; McLean, Megan J.; McCartney, Jay; Parrish, G. Richard (12 May 2005). "Biology and conservation of the rare New Zealand land snail Paryphanta busbyi watti (Mollusca, Pulmonata)". Invertebrate Biology. 122 (3): 241–251. doi:10.1111/J.1744-7410.2003.TB00088.X. ISSN 1077-8306. Wikidata Q54662639.
  7. ^ Stringer, Ian A. N.; Parrish, G. Richard; Sherley, Greg H.; MacKenzie, Darryl I. (13 May 2014). "The biology of Placostylus ambagiosus (Pulmonata: Bulimulidae) in New Zealand: Part 2. Population changes, growth, mortality and life expectancy". Molluscan Research. 34 (3): 155–175. doi:10.1080/13235818.2014.888985. ISSN 1323-5818. Wikidata Q54645753.
  8. ^ Barker, Gary M. (2005). "The character of the New Zealand land snail fauna and communities: some evolutionary and ecological perspectives". Records of the Western Australian Museum, supplement. 68 (1): 53. doi:10.18195/ISSN.0313-122X.68.2005.053-102. ISSN 0313-122X. Wikidata Q106728496.
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