Al-Mahalli
Jalāl al-Dīn al-Maḥallī | |
|---|---|
| Personal life | |
| Born | September 1389 CE / Shawwal 791 AH |
| Died | 28 October 1459 CE / 1 Muharram 864 AH |
| Region | Egypt |
| Main interest(s) | Fiqh, Tafsir, Sharia, Aqidah |
| Notable work(s) | Tafsir al-Jalalayn, Sharh al-Minhaj |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| Jurisprudence | Shafi'i |
| Creed | Ash'ari |
| Muslim leader | |
Influenced by
| |
Influenced | |
| Arabic name | |
| Personal (Ism) | Muhammad |
| Patronymic (Nasab) | ibn Shihab al-Din |
| Teknonymic (Kunya) | Abu Abd Allah |
| Epithet (Laqab) | Jalāl al-Dīn |
| Toponymic (Nisba) | al-Mahalli, al-Shāfi‘ī |
Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Shihāb ad-Dīn Jalāl ad-Dīn al-Maḥallī (Arabic: جلال الدين أبو عبد الله محمد بن شهاب الدين أحمد بن كمال الدين محمد بن إبراهيم بن أحمد بن هاشم العباسي الأنصاري المحلّي; c. 1389–1459 CE); aka was an Egyptian renowned mufassir and a leading specialist in the principles of the law in Shafi'i jurisprudence.[1] He authored numerous and lengthy works on various branches of Islamic Studies, among which the most important two are Tafsir al-Jalalayn[2] and Kanz al-Raghibin, an explanation of Al-Nawawi's Minhaj al-Talibin, a classical manual on Islamic Law according to Shafi'i fiqh.[3]
His Tafsir Tafsir al-Jalalayn is considered one of the most famous and popular interpretations of the Qur'an. The mission of preparing the Tafsir was initiated by Jalal ad-Din al-Maḥalli in 1459 and completed after his death by his pupil Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti in 1505, thus its name, which means "Tafsir of the two Jalals". It is recognised as one of the most popular exegeses of the Qur'an today,[4] due to its simple style[4] and its conciseness, as it is only one volume in length. The work has been translated into many languages including English, French, Bengali, Urdu, Persian, Malay/Indonesian,[5] Turkish, and Japanese. There are two English translations.[6][7]
Biography
Al-Maḥallī was born in Cairo, 791AH (1389 CE)[8][9][10][11][12], in the month Shawwal according to his own notes[9]. His attribution “al-Maḥallī” refers to al-Maḥallah al-Kubrá in the province of al-Gharbiyyah, Egypt. He was also named the Al-Taftazani of the Arabs according to Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali[8][10], most likely due to Al-Maḥallī's mastery of many different sciences, concise scholarly works, and exceptional intelligence. He grew up in Cairo and excelled in the different Islamic sciences, learning from scholars. While teaching at al-Barqūqiyyah and al-Muʾayyadiyyah, he was offered a position as Chief Judge, but he declined it to continue teaching.[8][12][11]
More specifically, he studied fiqh, uṣūl, and naḥw with al-Shams al-Barmawī. He also studied fiqh under al-Bayjūrī, al-Jalāl al-Bulqīnī, and al-Walī al-ʿIrāqī.[9]
He learned uṣūl with al-ʿIzz b. Jamāʿah, and further studied arabic grammar with his teachers al-Shihāb al-ʿajīmī and al-Shams al-Shaṭnūfī.[9]
He studied inheritence law and arithmetic with Nāṣir al-Dīn b. Anas al-Miṣrī al-Ḥanafī.[9]
He closely accompanied al-Basāṭī and studied Quranic exegesis (tafsīr) and Islamic theology (uṣūl al-dīn), and greatly benefited from his company.[9]
He studied with many numerous other scholars at the time, in the fields of ḥadīth, logic, dialectics, rhetoric, prose, among other things. He also attended the lessons of Niẓam al-Ṣayramī, al-Majd al-Barmawī, Aḥmad al-Maghrāwī, al-Walī al-ʿIrāqī, and took aḥadīth from al-Sharaf b. al-Kuwayk, Ibn al-Jazari, and more.[9]
It was commonly said about him that his intellect could pierce rock from how sharp it was, to the point he himself would say "my understanding can accept no fallacies" [8][9][10][11]. In the same vein, he was unable to memorize large amounts of texts. He had once tried to memorize a few excerpts from a few books, and then he was over taken by an intense fever.[8][10][11]
Al-Maḥallī passed away on the 1st of Muharram 864AH (28 October 1459 CE)[11], reaching the age of 70.
References
- ^ THE BIOGRAPHIES OF THE ELITE LIVES OF THE SCHOLARS, IMAMS & HADITH MASTERS Biographies of The Imams & Scholars page 281
- ^ Oliver Leaman, ed. (2006). "Al-Suyuti". The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. pp. 618–920. ISBN 978-0-415-32639-1.
- ^ Ludwig W. Adamec (2009), Historical Dictionary of Islam, pp.238-239. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0810861615.
- ^ a b http://main.altafsir.com/Al-Jalalayn.asp ''Tafsir al-Jalalayn'', Altafsir.com, accessed 16 March 2014
- ^ The Qurʼān in the Malay-Indonesian world : context and interpretation. Daneshgar, Majid,, Riddell, Peter G.,, Rippin, Andrew, 1950-2016. Abingdon, Oxon. 2016-06-10. ISBN 9781317294757. OCLC 951623927.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Al-Mahalli and Al-Suyuti (2008). Tafsir al-Jalalayn. Translated by Dr. Feras Hamza. Louisville: Fons Vitae. ISBN 9781891785160.
- ^ Al-Mahalli and Al-Suyuti (2007). Tafsir al-Jalalayn. Translated by Aisha Bewley. London: Dar al Taqwa. ISBN 978-1870582612.
- ^ a b c d e Ibn al-ʿImād al-Ḥanbalī (1982). Shadharāt al-Dhahab fī Akhbār man Dhahab. Vol. 9. Damascus: Dār Ibn Kathīr. pp. 447–449.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Al-Sakhāwī, Shams al-Dīn (1992). al-Ḍawʾ al-Lāmiʿ li-Ahl al-Qarn al-Tāsiʿ. Vol. 7. Beirut: Dār Maktabat al-Ḥayāt. pp. 39–42.
- ^ a b c d Al-Ziriklī (2002). al-Aʿlām. Vol. 5. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-l-Malāyīn. p. 333.
- ^ a b c d e al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn (1967). Ḥusn al-Muḥāḍarah fī Tārīkh Miṣr wa-al-Qāhirah. Vol. 1. Cairo: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyyah – ʿĪsā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī wa Shurakāʾuh. pp. 433–444.
- ^ a b Pellat, Ch. "al-Maḥallī". In P. Bearman (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online (EI-2 English), (Brill, 2012) doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4776