Adyghe Autonomous Oblast

Adyghe Autonomous Oblast
Адыгейская автономная область
Адыгэ автоном хэку
Autonomous oblast of the Soviet Union
1922–1991
Coat of arms

Changes in the territory of the Adyghe АО in 1936-1962
CapitalMaykop
Historical era20th century
• Established
27 July 1922
• Disestablished
5 October 1990
 Succeeded by
Adyghe Soviet Socialist Republic
Today part ofRussia

Adyghe Autonomous Oblast (Adyghe AO) was an administrative-territorial unit of the RSFSR, which existed from July 27, 1922 to July 1991[2]. The capital was Maykop. (Until 1936, Krasnodar).[3]

History

The Adyghe Autonomous Oblast was established on July 27, 1922, as the Cherkess (Adyghe) Autonomous Oblast. On August 24, 1922, it was renamed the Adyghe (Cherkess) Autonomous Oblast of the North Caucasus Krai. On August 3, 1928, it was renamed the Adyghe Autonomous Oblast. On February 7, 1929, as a result of enlargement, 3 districts were formed within the oblast: Krasnogvardeysky (village of Nikolayevskoye), Psekupsky (aul of Ponezhukay) and Shovgenovsky (aul of Khakurinokhabl). From January 10, 1934, the autonomous oblast was part of the Azov-Black Sea Krai. On December 28, 1934, 5 districts were newly formed in the oblast: Koshekhablsky, Krasnogvardeysky (village of Nikolayevskoye), Ponezhukaysky, Takhtamukaysky and Shovgenovsky (aul of Khakurinokhabl). On April 10, 1936, the city of Maykop, Giaginsky District and the Khansky selsoviet of Maykopsky District were transferred to the oblast from the Azov-Black Sea Krai. As a result, the administrative center of the oblast was moved from Krasnodar to the city of Maykop. From September 13, 1937, the Adyghe Autonomous Oblast was part of Krasnodar Krai. On February 21, 1940, the Kuzhorsky rural council of the Tulsky District of Krasnodar Krai was transferred to the Adyghe AO, and the Maykopsky District was formed within its composition.

The oblast then consisted of 7 districts: Giaginsky, Koshekhablsky, Krasnogvardeysky (village of Nikolayevskoye), Maykopsky, Takhtamukaysky, Teuchezhsky (aul of Ponezhukay) and Shovgenovsky (aul of Khakurinokhabl). On April 28, 1962, the territory of the abolished Tulsky District of Krasnodar Krai was annexed to Maykopsky District, thereby giving the territory of the Adyghe Autonomous Oblast its modern shape.

On October 5, 1990, an extraordinary session of the Adyghe Regional Council of People's Deputies adopted a decision to raise the status of Adygea to the level of an independent subject of the RSFSR (republic) and proclaimed the Adyghe Soviet Socialist Republic. On December 15, 1990, the secession of Adygea from Krasnodar Krai was legalized by the Second Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR, which amended the Constitution of the RSFSR to remove autonomous oblasts from the krais to which they belonged[4]. On July 3, 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, "in accordance with the decision of the Regional Council of People's Deputies of the Adyghe Autonomous Oblast", adopted a law on the transformation of the Adyghe AO into the Soviet Socialist Republic of Adygea within the RSFSR[5] and submitted the corresponding amendment to the Russian constitution for consideration by the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR[6]. On March 23, 1992, the Supreme Soviet of Adygea adopted a law renaming the SSR Adygea to the Republic of Adygea (Adygea)[7]. On April 21, 1992, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation introduced the provision on the Republic of Adygea into the Constitution of the RSFSR[8]. The amendment entered into force upon publication on May 16, 1992, in "Rossiyskaya Gazeta"[9]

Administrative division

As of January 1, 1985, the Adyghe Autonomous Oblast included 2 cities of oblast subordination:

and 7 districts:

  1. Giaginsky — Giaginskaya stanitsa,
  2. Koshekhablsky — Koshekhabl aul,
  3. Krasnogvardeysky — Krasnogvardeyskoye village,
  4. Maykopsky — Tulsky work settlement,
  5. Oktyabrsky — Oktyabrsky aul,
  6. Teuchezhsky — Teuchezhsk city,
  7. Shovgenovsky — Shovgenovsky aul.

Population

Dynamics of the population of the oblast:

Year Area, km² Population, people Source
1930 3 015 113 700
1939 3 048 241 799[10] 1939 Census
1959 3 900 284 690[11] 1959 Census
1970 7 600 385 644[12] 1970 Census
1979 7 600 404 504[13] 1979 Census
1989 7 600 432 588[1] 1989 Census

National composition of the population[14] according to the 1979 census:

Nationality Population, people Share of total
population, %
Russians 285 626 70.6
Adyghe 86 388 21.4
Ukrainians 12 078 3.0
Armenians 6 359 1.6
Tatars 2 415 0.6
Belarusians 2 244 0.6

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b "All-Union Population Census of 1989". Archived from the original on 2011-08-22. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
  2. ^ "Republic of Adygea - History". Archived from the original on 2021-06-10. Retrieved 2016-01-24.
  3. ^ Kushkhabiev, Anzor (2013). Problemy repatriat︠s︡ii zarubezhnykh cherkesov: istorii︠a︡, politika, sot︠s︡ialʹnai︠a︡ praktika. Nalʹchik: Izdatelʹstvo KBNT︠S︡ RAN. ISBN 978-5-901497-72-2.
  4. ^ "Law of the RSFSR of December 15, 1990 "On Amendments and Additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the RSFSR"". Archived from the original on 2020-05-25. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  5. ^ "On the Transformation of the Adyghe Autonomous Oblast into the Soviet Socialist Republic of Adygea within the RSFSR". Archived from the original on 2016-01-31. Retrieved 2016-01-24.
  6. ^ Law of the RSFSR of July 3, 1991 "On Amendments and Additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the RSFSR in Connection with the Transformation of Autonomous Oblasts into Soviet Socialist Republics"
  7. ^ "Law of the Republic of Adygea of March 23, 1992 No. 1-1 "On Changing the Name of the Republic Soviet Socialist Republic of Adygea"".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  8. ^ Law of the Russian Federation of April 21, 1992 No. 2708-I "On Amendments and Additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic"
  9. ^ "List of laws of the RSFSR/RF. 1990-1993". Archived from the original on 2015-01-28. Retrieved 2015-01-18.
  10. ^ "All-Union Population Census of 1939". Archived from the original on 2012-03-03. Retrieved 2010-10-07.
  11. ^ "All-Union Population Census of 1959". Archived from the original on 2012-11-20. Retrieved 2010-10-07.
  12. ^ "All-Union Population Census of 1970". Archived from the original on 2011-11-03. Retrieved 2010-10-07.
  13. ^ "All-Union Population Census of 1979". Archived from the original on 2011-11-03. Retrieved 2010-10-07.
  14. ^ "All-Union Population Census of 1979. National composition". Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2010-10-07.

Literature

  • Comp.: A. S. Azarenkova, I. Yu. Bondar, N.S. Vertysheva, ed. (1986). Main administrative-territorial transformations in the Kuban (1793—1985). Krasnodar: Krasnodar Book Publishing House. p. 394.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
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