Abirus fortunei
| Abirus fortunei | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Infraorder: | Cucujiformia |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Genus: | Abirus |
| Species: | A. fortunei
|
| Binomial name | |
| Abirus fortunei | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Abirus fortunei is a species of beetle in the leaf beetle family (Chrysomelidae), distributed in China, the Ryukyu Islands, North Korea, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam.[2][3] The scientific name of the species was published as Dermorhytis fortunei in 1861 by Joseph Sugar Baly, who described it from specimens collected in northern China by Robert Fortune.[1][4] A. fortunei is known as a major pest of mulberry in China.[5][6]
Description
A. fortunei has a length of 7.5–9.5 millimetres (0.30–0.37 in), and is subcylindrical in shape. The general color of the body is variable, being either metallic green, cupreous (reddish-brown), violet or purplish. The antennae are blackish brown in color, with the basal segments being fulvous (tawny or brownish-orange). The back side is covered with fine setae. Both the pronotum and elytra are also covered in large punctures, and the elytra also have a wrinkled texture with the wrinkles oriented transversely.[3]
Biology
In Xiushui County of Jiangxi Province, China, A. fortunei is recorded to have one generation every two years. Adults and larvae overwinter in soil chambers found 15–60 centimetres (5.9–23.6 in) underground in mulberry fields. Adults feed on the leaves, while larvae feed on the underground parts of the mulberry tree, generally 30–50 centimetres (12–20 in) under the soil surface. The eggs hatch in 9–10 days, the larval stage lasts 15–16 months, the pupa stage lasts 15–19 days, and the adult stage lasts 8–9 months (6–7 months of which are spent hibernating underground).[5]
References
- ^ a b Baly, J. S. (1861). "Descriptions of new genera and species of Phytophaga". The Journal of Entomology. 1: 275–302.
- ^ a b Moseyko, A. G. (2024). "subfamily Eumolpinae Hope, 1841". In Bezděk, J.; Sekerka, L. (eds.). Chrysomeloidea II (Orsodacnidae, Megalopodidae, Chrysomelidae) – Part 1. Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 6/2/1 (Updated and Revised Second ed.). Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. pp. 688–728. doi:10.1163/9789004443303_003. ISBN 978-90-04-44330-3.
- ^ a b Kimoto, S.; Gressitt, J. L. (1982). "Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. III. Eumolpinae" (PDF). Esakia. 18: 1–141. doi:10.5109/2421. hdl:2324/2421. S2CID 83265328.
- ^ Clavareau, H. (1914). "Chrysomelidae: 11. Eumolpinae". In Junk, W.; Schenkling, S. (eds.). Coleopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 59. Berlin: W. Junk. p. 124.
- ^ a b Yin, Yishou; Xu, Jun; Zhan, Genxiang; Wu, Belong; Wei, Hongyi (2001). 桑皱鞘叶甲生物学特性及综合防治 [On the biology and integrated control of mulberry beetle Abirus fortunei (Baly) (Coleoptera: Eumolpidae)]. Journal of Plant Protection (in Chinese). 28 (3): 218–222. doi:10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2001.03.006. ISSN 0577-7518. Retrieved 29 January 2026.
- ^ Ertian, Huang (2003) [First published in Chinese in 1991]. "Prevention and Control of Mulberry Pests". Protection of Mulberry Plants. Translated by Bhattacharya, Manjusha; Bhattacharya, Manik. Enfield, New Hampshire: Science Publishers, Inc. pp. 252, 254, 257, 260–261. ISBN 978-1-57808-277-3.