377 Campania

377 Campania
A three-dimensional model of 377 Campania based on its light curve
Discovery[1]
Discovered byAuguste Charlois
Discovery siteNice Observatory
Discovery date20 September 1893
Designations
(377) Campania
Pronunciation/kæmˈpeɪniə/[2]
Named after
Campania
A893 SD · 1935 GP · 1946 UP[3][a]
Main belt
Orbital characteristics[3]
Epoch 21 November 2025 (JD 2461000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc132.07 yr (48239 d)
Aphelion2.8928 AU (432.76 Gm)
Perihelion2.4880 AU (372.20 Gm)
2.6904 AU (402.48 Gm)
Eccentricity0.0752
4.4129 yr (1611.8 d)
311.766°
0° 13m 23.88s / day
Inclination6.6776°
209.914°
196.952°
Jupiter MOID2.4293 AU (363.42 Gm)
TJupiter3.358
Physical characteristics
Dimensions90.346 km[3]
11.664401 h[5]: 564 
47° or 196°[5]: 564 
+67° or +66°[5]: 564 
0.060[3]
PD-type (Tholen)
Ch-type (SMASSII)[3]
9.11[3]

377 Campania is a large asteroid located in the main asteroid belt. It was discovered by French astronomer Auguste Charlois on 20 September 1893 in Nice, and it was named after the Italian region of Campania. It is around 90 kilometres (56 mi) in diameter and rotates relatively slowly with a rotation period of 11.66 hours.

Discovery and naming

Campania was discovered by astronomer Auguste Charlois on 20 September 1893 in Nice Observatory.[1] Its discovery, alongside that of three other asteroids, was announced on 22 September in the journal Astronomische Nachrichten under the provisional designation 1893 AN.[6][4] It was given the name Campania, after the Italian coastal region of Campania.[7]: 44 

In 1925, the old-style scheme for minor planet provisional designations was replaced by the new-style scheme that is now currently in use. The Minor Planet Center (MPC) has since retroactively revised pre-1925 designations to conform to the new-style scheme.[8] Thus, Campania's old-style designation given upon its discovery was changed to A893 SD.[3]

Orbit

Campania orbits the Sun with an average distance—its semi-major axis—of 2.69 astronomical units, placing it in the main asteroid belt. Along its 4.41 year long orbit, its distance from the Sun varies between 2.49 AU at perihelion to 2.89 AU at aphelion due to its orbital eccentricity of 0.08. Its orbit is inclined by 6.68° with respect to the ecliptic plane.[3]

Physical characteristics

Campania is estimated to be 90.346 kilometres (56.138 mi) in diameter. It has a geometric albedo of 0.06, and it is classified as either a PD-type asteroid under the Tholen classification scheme or a Ch-type asteroid under the Small Main-belt Asteroid Spectroscopic Survey, Phase II (SMASSII) classification scheme.[3]

Early attempts at determining Campania's rotation period from its lightcurve—variations in its observed brightness—often yielded conflicting results.[5]: 563  In 1994, a team of astronomers led by H. J. Schober used observations of Campania taken by the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in 1983, suggesting a rotation period close to 12 or 18 hours. The team noted that its lightcurve appeared to peak at the same time every night.[9]: 284  Photometric observations conducted by the Torino Observatory in Italy in 1990–1991 determined a synodic rotation period of 8.507 ± 0.003 hours.[10]: 273  In 1995, a study led by M.-C. Hainaut-Rouelle utilized ESO observations taken in 1990 to derive a rotation period 14.557±0.013 hours.[11]: 128  Then, in 1998, astronomers C. Blanco and D. Riccioli used the amplitude–magnitude method to three nights of observations taken in August 1992 to derive a period of 8.48±0.01 hours.[12][5]: 563 

In 1999, a team of astronomers led by A. Marciniak began a series of observation campaigns during Campania's apparitions. By 2007 they were able to conclude that Campania has a relatively long period of 11.66 hours.[5]: 563  Campania has ambiguous ecliptic pole coordinates of (λ = 47°, β = +67°) or (λ = 196°, β = +66°), and it rotates in a prograde direction.[5]: 564 

Notes

  1. ^ The MPC notates Campania's old-style designation as 1893 SD.[1] Its original old-style designation was 1893 AN.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c "(377) Campania = 1893 SD = 1935 GP = 1946 UP". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 8 November 2025.
  2. ^ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Yeomans, Donald K., "377 Campania", JPL Small-Body Database Browser, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, archived from the original on 15 January 2016, retrieved 11 May 2016.
  4. ^ a b Berberich, A. (February 1894). "Elemente der Planeten (374), (375), (376) und (378)". Astronomische Nachrichten (in German). 134 (20): 335. Bibcode:1894AN....134..335B. doi:10.1002/asna.18941342003.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Marciniak, A.; et al. (February 2008). "Photometry and models of selected main belt asteroids V. 73 Klytia, 377 Campania, and 378 Holmia". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 478 (2): 559–565. Bibcode:2008A&A...478..559M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078930.
  6. ^ Perrotin, Henri Joseph Anastase (September 1893). "Entdeckung von 4 neuen Planeten auf der Sternwarte in Nizza. (Telegramm)". Astronomische Nachrichten. 133: 367. Bibcode:1893AN....133..367B.
  7. ^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (11 November 2013). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Vol. 2 (6 ed.). Springer Berlin, Heidelberg. p. 1452. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29718-2. ISBN 978-3-642-29717-5.
  8. ^ "Provisional Designations". Minor Planets Center. Archived from the original on 11 July 2025. Retrieved 5 November 2025.
  9. ^ Schober, H. J.; Erikson, A.; Hahn, G.; Lagerkvist, C. -I.; Albrecht, R.; Ornig, W.; Schroll, A.; Stadler, M. (June 1994). "Physical studies of asteroids. XXVIII. Lightcurves and photoelectric photometry of asteroids 2, 14, 51, 105, 181, 238, 258, 369, 377, 416, 487, 626, 679, 1048 and 2183". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 105: 281–300. Bibcode:1994A&AS..105..281S.
  10. ^ di Martino, M.; et al. (February 1994), "Lightcurves and rotational periods of nine main belt asteroids", Icarus, vol. 107, no. 2, pp. 269–275, Bibcode:1994Icar..107..269D, doi:10.1006/icar.1994.1022.
  11. ^ Hainaut-Rouelle, M. -C.; Hainaut, O. R.; Detal, A. (July 1995). "Lightcurves of selected minor planets". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 112: 125–142. Bibcode:1995A&AS..112..125H.
  12. ^ Blanco, C. "Pole coordinates and shape of 30 asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 131: 385–394. Bibcode:1998A&AS..131..385B. doi:10.1051/aas:1998277.
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