P/2020 MK4 (PanSTARRS)
| Discovery | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Pan-STARRS 1 |
| Discovery site | Haleakala Observatory |
| Discovery date | 24 June 2020 |
| Designations | |
| 2020 MK4 | |
| Chiron-type comet[1] centaur[2] | |
| Orbital characteristics[1] | |
| Epoch 17 December 2020 (JD 2459200.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 4 | |
| Observation arc | 857 days (2.348 years) |
| Aphelion | 6.254 AU |
| Perihelion | 6.025 AU |
| 6.145 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.01952 |
| 15.23 years | |
| 138.7° | |
| 0° 3m 52.917s / day | |
| Inclination | 6.723° |
| 1.446° | |
| 164.5° | |
| Earth MOID | 5.031 AU |
| Jupiter MOID | 0.578 AU |
| TJupiter | 3.005 |
| Physical characteristics[3] | |
| 2.2 km (1.4 mi)[4] | |
| 0.04–0.1 (assumed) | |
| |
| 11.3±0.03[1] | |
P/2020 MK4 (PanSTARRS) is a Chiron-type comet or active centaur orbiting in the outer Solar System between Jupiter and Saturn.[3] It was discovered on 24 June 2020, by the Pan-STARRS survey at Haleakala Observatory in Hawaii, United States.[5]
Physical characteristics
Size
A lower limit for the absolute magnitude of the nucleus is Hg = 11.30±0.03 that, for an albedo in the range 0.1—0.04, gives an upper limit for its size in the interval 23–37 km.[3] However, a follow-up study in 2022 showed that the size of its nucleus is much smaller, at only 2.2 km (1.4 mi) in diameter.[4]
Colors
The comet's color indices, (g′–r′) = 0.42±0.04 and (r′–i′) = 0.17±0.04, indicates the comet's nucleus has a neutral or gray color.[3]
Activity
P/2020 MK4 was discovered in outburst state and by late 2020, it had returned to its regular brightness.[6][3] It was recovered by the Lowell Discovery Telescope at an extremely faint apparent magnitude of 24.5 in September 2022.[7] It was officially recognized as a comet by the Minor Planet Center on 20 November 2022, in which it was given the periodic comet designation P/2020 MK4.[8][9]
Orbital evolution
Centaurs have short dynamical lives due to strong interactions with the giant planets.[10] P/2020 MK4 follows a very chaotic orbital evolution that may lead it to be ejected from the Solar System during the next 200,000 years.[3] Extensive numerical simulations indicate that P/2020 MK4 may have experienced relatively close flybys with comet 29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann, in some cases with one of both objects were transient Jovian satellites; during these events, P/2020 MK4 may have crossed the coma of comet 29P when in outburst.[3]
See also
References
- ^ a b c "P/2020 MK4 (PanSTARRS) – JPL Small-Body Database Lookup". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for 20MK4". Southwest Research Institute. Retrieved 11 August 2021.The Deep Ecliptic Survey Object Classifications
- ^ a b c d e f g C. de la Fuente Marcos; R. de la Fuente Marcos; J. Licandro; M. Serra-Ricart; et al. (2021). "The Active Centaur 2020 MK4" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649 (A85): 1–15. arXiv:2104.01668. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A..85D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039117. S2CID 233024896.
- ^ a b W. Romanishin; S. C. Tegler (2022). "A Partial Disintegration of Active Centaur/Comet P/2020 MK4?". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 6 (12): 251. Bibcode:2022RNAAS...6..251R. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/aca663.
- ^ "MPEC 2020-N36: 2020 MK4". Minor Planet Electronic Circular. Minor Planet Center. 11 July 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "2020 MK4 belatedly confirmed outburst". Minor Planet Mailing List. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
- ^ "MPEC 2022-W16: 2020 MK4". Minor Planet Electronic Circular. Minor Planet Center. 16 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
- ^ "MPEC 2022-W78 : COMET P/2020 MK4 (PANSTARRS)". Minor Planet Electronic Circular. Minor Planet Center. 20 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
- ^ Green, Daniel W. E. (20 November 2022). "COMET P/2020 MK_4 (PANSTARRS)". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams. Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
- ^ J. Horner; N. W. Evans; M. E. Bailey (2004). "Simulations of the Population of Centaurs I: The Bulk Statistics". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 354 (3): 798. arXiv:astro-ph/0407400. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.354..798H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08240.x. S2CID 16002759.