2004 Doğubayazıt earthquake
Istanbul Ankara | |
| UTC time | 2004-07-01 22:30:09 |
|---|---|
| ISC event | 7366871 |
| USGS-ANSS | ComCat |
| Local date | 2 July 2004 |
| Local time | 01:30:09 TRT (UTC+3) |
| Magnitude | Mw 5.1–5.2 |
| Depth | 5.0 km (3.1 mi) |
| Epicenter | 39°45′58″N 43°58′44″E / 39.766°N 43.979°E |
| Fault | North Anatolian Fault |
| Areas affected | Ağrı Province, Turkey |
| Max. intensity | MMI VII (Very strong) |
| Aftershocks | 80+ |
| Casualties | 18 fatalities, 32 injuries |
On 2 July 2004 at 01:30:09 TRT (22:30:09 UTC, 1 July), a Mw 5.1–5.2 earthquake struck Ağrı Province in eastern Turkey, near the border with Iğdır Province. Despite its moderate magnitude, the earthquake killed 18 people and devastated multiple villages near the epicenter, with many poorly-constructed homes collapsing.
Tectonic setting
The easternmost part of Turkey lies within the complex zone of continuing continental collision between the Arabian plate and the Eurasian plate. The overall shortening that affects this area is accommodated partly by thrusting along the Bitlis-Zagros fold and thrust belt and partly by a mixture of sinistral strike-slip on SW-NE trending faults and dextral strike-slip on NW-SE trending faults.[1]
Earthquake
The earthquake had a moment magnitude (Mw ) of 5.1–5.2.[2][3] Tremors were felt in Ağrı, Iğdır, Kars, and areas near the Turkey-Iran border.[4] Shaking was also felt in parts of Armenia, including the capital Yerevan.[5] The earthquake's intensity was registered as VII (Very strong) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale,[2] while the depth was reported as 5 km (3.1 mi).[5]
Impact and damage
The earthquake resulted in 18 deaths, 32 injuries[6] and damage to roughly 1,000 predominantly unreinforced stone buildings, many of which collapsed or were rendered uninhabitable.[7] The earthquake struck during the local mountain pasture season, when many villagers were out of their homes, which prevented a higher number of casualties.[4]
The greatest damage was at Yığınçal village, while Kutlubulak and Sağlıksuyu villages were also severely affected.[8] Post-event surveys showed that most failures resulted from traditional random-rubble walls bound with clay-rich or weak sand–cement mortars, often containing internal cavities that lowered shear strength. Roofs comprised successive layers of compacted earth atop wooden logs—a practice intended to prevent leaks—which greatly increased mass and lateral inertia during shaking. Rotting timber supports further undermined roof stability. Common damage patterns included flexural cracks across wall faces, corner separations of 1–5 cm, and fracturing around window openings. Only a few buildings, erected with better materials and workmanship, withstood the ground motions. Owners were subsequently urged to replace vulnerable dwellings with new construction conforming to Turkish seismic codes.[7]
Response
Various organizations sent relief to the affected areas. Three ministers of the Turkish government visited the area, Greece offered help and France sent messages of solidarity.[6]
See also
References
- ^ Bayrak, Y.; Öztürk S.; Çınar H.; Kalafat D.; Tsapanos T.M.; Koravos Ch. & Leventakis G.-A. (2009). "Estimating earthquake hazard parameters from instrumental data for different regions in and around Turkey". Engineering Geology. 105 (3–4): 200–210. Bibcode:2009EngGe.105..200B. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.02.004.
- ^ a b "Türki̇ye'de 1900 – 2004 Yillari Arasinda Can Kaybi Ve Hasara Neden Olmuş ÖNemli̇ Depremler ( Ms > 5.0 )". Kandilli Rasathanesi. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
- ^ Tapan, Mucip; Özvan, Ali; Şengül, M. Alper. "2 Temmuz 2004 Doğubayazit Depremi Yer – Yapi Ilişkisi Ve Yaşanan Kayiplar" (PDF). Kocaeli 2005 Deprem Sempozyumu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
- ^ a b "Doğubeyazıt'ta 18 can kaybı". Radikal. 3 July 2004. Archived from the original on 1 December 2004. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
- ^ a b "M 5.1 – eastern Turkey". United States Geological Survey. 1 July 2004. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
- ^ a b Yılmaz, Mükerrem; Kalkan, Ekrem; Yarbaşı, Necmi; Aksoy, Gökşin, "Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde 2002-2004 Yıllarında Meydana Gelen Depremlere Ait Artçı Depremlerin İstatistiksel Çözümlemesi" (PDF), Kocaeli 2005 Deprem Sempozyumu, archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2012, retrieved 1 February 2011
- ^ a b Bayraktar, Alemdar; CoŞkun, Nart; Yalçin, Ali (2007). "Damages of masonry buildings during the July 2, 2004 Doğubayazıt (Ağrı) earthquake in Turkey". Engineering Failure Analysis. 14 (1): 147–157. doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2005.11.011.
- ^ "Ağrı'da Deprem: 18 Ölü". VOA Türkçe. 2 July 2004. Archived from the original on 25 October 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2011.