1E 0317+186

1E 0317+186
The BL Lac object 1E 0317+186.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationAries
Right ascension03h 19m 51.81s[1]
Declination+18° 45′ 34.58″[1]
Redshift0.190000[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity56,961 km/s[1]
Distance2.399 Gly
Apparent magnitude (V)18.12
Characteristics
TypeOpt.var. BLLAC[1]
Size~282,200 ly (86.53 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Other designations
2MASX J03195178+1845338, 4FGL J0319.8+1845, LEDA 138616, RBS 0413, MS 0317.0+1834, 1E 0317.0+1835[1]

1E 0317+186, also known as RBS 413, is a BL Lacertae object[2] or a blazar[3] located in the constellation of Aries. The redshift of the object is (z) 0.190[1] and it was first discovered as an astronomical X-ray source during the Einstein survey in August 1983 by astronomers.[4]

Description

1E 0317+186 is classified as an X-ray selected BL Lacertae object.[5] The host galaxy has been categorized as an elliptical galaxy with a magnitude of -23.0 based on a study published in 1999 by Renato Falomo, dismissing the fact that this object is hosted by a spiral or a disk galaxy.[6][7] A companion galaxy is located between 1 and 2 arcseconds away from the host.[8] The supermassive black hole of 1E 0317+186 is estimated to be 7.57 Mʘ.[9]

Studies have indicated 1E 0317+186 is variable. It displays a decrease in brightness levels in the V-band, decreasing by 0.77 magnitude within 1.7 hours. It has also been noted to show one rapid outburst which was followed by a faded state from 17.57 to 18.20 in V-band frequencies. In the R-band, it has shown another outburst within the time range of 2.2 hours in December 1988.[10] In February 1997, it showed an increase in brightness levels of 0.51 magnitude.[11] Gamma-ray emission has also been detected in 2009, with the average flux levels of 2.4 ± 1.0 x 10-9 photons cm-2 s-1.[12]

Radio imaging made by the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) has shown the object has a jet component that is moving with proper motion speeds of 0.493 ± 0.100 milliarcseconds per year.[13] The radio structure of the BL Lacertae object is mainly made up of a radio core and a few components.[14]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "NED Search results for 1ES 0317+186". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2025-11-29.
  2. ^ Maccacaro, T.; Gioia, I. M.; Maccagni, D.; Stocke, J. T. (September 1984). "On the surface density of X-ray selected BL Lacertae objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 284: L23–L27. Bibcode:1984ApJ...284L..23M. doi:10.1086/184345. ISSN 0004-637X.
  3. ^ Aliu, E.; Archambault, S.; Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Beilicke, M.; Benbow, W.; Böttcher, M.; Bouvier, A.; Bradbury, S. M.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Byrum, K.; Cannon, A.; Cesarini, A.; Ciupik, L. (2012-04-18). "DISCOVERY OF HIGH-ENERGY AND VERY HIGH ENERGY γ-RAY EMISSION FROM THE BLAZAR RBS 0413". The Astrophysical Journal. 750 (2): 94. arXiv:1204.0865. Bibcode:2012ApJ...750...94A. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/94. ISSN 0004-637X.
  4. ^ Gioia, I. M.; Feigelson, E. D.; Maccacaro, T.; Schild, R.; Zamorani, G. (August 1983). "VLA Observations of a complete sample of extragalactic X-Ray sources.II". The Astrophysical Journal. 271: 524–530. Bibcode:1983ApJ...271..524G. doi:10.1086/161218. ISSN 0004-637X.
  5. ^ Giommi, P.; Barr, P.; Garilli, B.; Gioia, I. M.; Maccacaro, T.; Maccagni, D.; Schild, R. E. (November 1987). "X-Ray and Optical Observations of X-Ray--selected BL Lacertae Objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 322: 662. Bibcode:1987ApJ...322..662G. doi:10.1086/165761. ISSN 0004-637X.
  6. ^ Falomo, Renato; Kotilainen, Jari K. (December 1999). "Optical imaging of the host galaxies of X-ray selected BL Lacertae objects". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 352: 85–102. arXiv:astro-ph/9910106. Bibcode:1999A&A...352...85F. ISSN 0004-6361.
  7. ^ Wurtz, Ron; Stocke, John T.; Yee, H. K. C. (March 1996). "The Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Imaging Survey of BL Lacertae Objects. I. Properties of the Host Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 103: 109. Bibcode:1996ApJS..103..109W. doi:10.1086/192271. ISSN 0067-0049.
  8. ^ Wright, S. C.; McHardy, I. M.; Abraham, R. G.; Crawford, C. S. (June 1998). "Near-infrared imaging of the host galaxies of BLLacertae objects" (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 296 (4): 961–976. Bibcode:1998MNRAS.296..961W. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01463.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  9. ^ Xie, G. Z.; Liang, E. W.; Xie, Z. H.; Dai, B. Z. (May 2002). "Supermassive Black Holes in BL Lacertae Objects: Estimated Masses and Their Relation to Nuclear Luminosity". The Astronomical Journal. 123 (5): 2352–2357. Bibcode:2002AJ....123.2352X. doi:10.1086/339974. ISSN 0004-6256.
  10. ^ Xie, G. Z.; Li, K. H.; Cheng, F. Z.; Lu, R. W.; Liu, B. F.; Hao, P. J.; Liu, Z. H. (March 1991). "CCD photometry of 10 BL Lacertae objects". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 87: 461. ISSN 0365-0138.
  11. ^ Raiteri, C. M.; Villata, M.; de Francesco, G.; Lanteri, L.; Cavallone, M.; Sobrito, G. (November 1998). "Optical observations of eight X-ray selected BL Lacertae objects" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 132 (3): 361–365. Bibcode:1998A&AS..132..361R. doi:10.1051/aas:1998300. ISSN 0365-0138.
  12. ^ "ATel #2272: Discovery of High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from the BL Lac Object RBS 0413". The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 2025-11-29.
  13. ^ Piner, B. Glenn; Edwards, Philip G. (2018-01-20). "Multi-epoch VLBA Imaging of 20 New TeV Blazars: Apparent Jet Speeds". The Astrophysical Journal. 853 (1): 68. arXiv:1801.00817. Bibcode:2018ApJ...853...68P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa425. ISSN 0004-637X.
  14. ^ Piner, B. Glenn; Edwards, Philip G. (2014-11-21). "FIRST-EPOCH VLBA IMAGING OF 20 NEW TeV BLAZARS". The Astrophysical Journal. 797 (1): 25. arXiv:1410.0730. Bibcode:2014ApJ...797...25P. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/797/1/25. ISSN 1538-4357.
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