1979 Hazara Uprising
| 1979 Hazara Uprising | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of 1979 uprisings in Afghanistan and Soviet–Afghan War | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Rebellion | Democratic Republic of Afghanistan | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Abdul Ali Mazari Sayyid Ali Beheshti Sayyid Muhammad Hasan |
Nur Muhammad Taraki (1978–1979) Hafizullah Amin (1979) Babrak Karmal (1979–1981) | ||||||
In late 1979, some Hazara-led parties gathered in Hazarajat to established the Shura-e-ittifaqi under the leadership of Sayyid Ali Beheshti.[1] The uprising began and succeeded, all of Hazarajat was liberated and the Afghan government was expelled.[2][3] The success of the new Hazarajat government was due to its support of the Hazara culture and values.[3]
After the uprising, Shura-e-ittifaqi ruled the Hazarajat from 1979 to 1982 followed by Sazman-i Nasr then Hezbe Wahdat that ruled Hazarajat until 1997. During this time, Hazarajat was more peaceful than other parts of Afghanistan.[1] The uprising was also driven by Anti-Tajik and Anti-Pashtun sentiment among some Hazaras.[4][5][6][7][8][9] This was the most organized and successful Hazara uprising after several failed uprisings in the 20th century, providing the Hazaras with an organized government for the first time.[3][10]
Aftermath
Following the uprising, the Shura-e-ittifaqi established an Islamic government controlling the majority of Hazarajat.[1][3] The Kabul government attempted to undermine the new government in Hazarajat by using techniques such as divide and rule, and manipulating ethnic and tribal disputes but these failed.[1]
See also
- Islamic Republic of Hazarajat
References
- ^ a b c d Sarabi, Humayun (2006). Politics and Modern History of Hazara: Sectarian Politics in Afghanistan. TUFTS UNIVERSITY. pp. 48–55.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "HAZĀRA ii. HISTORY". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2023-05-02.
- ^ a b c d Mousavi, Sayed Askar (1998). The Hazaras of Afghanistan: An Historical, Cultural, Economic and Political Study. pp. 50–51. doi:10.4324/9781315026930. ISBN 9781315026930. S2CID 159305144.
- ^ Ibrahimi, Niamatullah (September 2006). "THE FAILURE OF A CLERICAL PROTO-STATE: HAZARAJAT, 1979 - 1984" (PDF). assets.publishing.service.gov.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 15, 2022. Retrieved March 5, 2026.
- ^ "HAZĀRA ii. HISTORY". www.iranicaonline.org.
- ^ "Takhar - Program for Culture and Conflict Studies - Naval Postgraduate School". nps.edu.
- ^ "Afghanistan's complex ethnic patchwork". www.tehrantimes.com. 9 March 2011.
- ^ "1979 Hazara Uprising". researchgate.net. Retrieved 2026-02-25.
- ^ "Afghanistan: Blood-Stained Hands: III. The Battle for Kabul: April 1992-March 1993".
- ^ Ruttig, Thomas (Nov 27, 2006). "Islamists, Leftists – and a Void in the Center. Afghanistan's Political Parties and where they come from (1902-2006)" (PDF). Konrad Adenauer Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-24. Retrieved 2010-01-09.