1970 Alabama House of Representatives election

1970 Alabama House of Representatives election
November 3, 1970
All 106 seats in the Alabama House of Representatives
54 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Leader Rankin Fite
(lost re-election as speaker) 		Bert Nettles
(de facto) 		None
Party Democratic Republican NDPA
Leader since January 10, 1967 April 1, 1969 (sp.) —
Leader's seat 9th–Marion Co. 37th–Mobile Co. p. 7 —
Last election 106 seats, 66.16% 0 seats, 33.60% New
Seats before 105 1 0
Seats won 103 2 1
Seat change 3 2 1
Popular vote 2,895,406 787,599 493,081
Percentage 68.57% 18.65% 11.68%

     Democratic hold
     Republican hold      Republican gain
     National Democratic gain
Multi-member districts:
     Democratic majority      Even split

Democratic:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      90–100%      Unopposed
Republican:      50–60%
National Democratic:      50–60%

Speaker before election

Rankin Fite
Democratic

Elected Speaker

G. Sage Lyons
Democratic

The 1970 Alabama House of Representatives election took place on Tuesday, November 3, 1970, to elect 106 representatives to serve four-year terms in the Alabama House of Representatives. Primary elections were held on May 5 with runoff elections on June 2. The first two Black state legislators since the Reconstruction era were elected this year, both from District 31 in Barbour, Bullock, and Macon counties: Thomas Reed in place 1 on the National Democratic Party of Alabama ticket, and Fred Gray in place 2 as a Democrat.[1] Reed would later run under the Democratic banner in the 1974 general election.[2]

Incumbent speaker Rankin Fite lost the confidence of incoming Governor George Wallace, and was replaced as speaker by a unanimous vote at the beginning of the 1971 session. State representative G. Sage Lyons of Mobile County's sixth place was hand-picked by Wallace to succeed Fite and was elected to the post without opposition.[3] Only two Republicans were elected at the general election: Bert Nettles of Mobile County was re-elected, and Doug Hale was elected to Madison County's fifth slot. The two agreed to make the more senior representative, Nettles, the minority leader, with Hale becoming minority whip.[4]

This was the last state house election in Alabama before a 1973 federal court order mandated a new legislative map with single-member districts. At this point, the state had used a mixed system of single-member and multi-member districts to allocate seats in the legislature, all based on pre-existing county lines.[5]

The election took place concurrently with elections for U.S. House, governor, state senate, and numerous other state and local offices.

Summary

Party Candidates Seats
Num. Vote % Last Won +/–
Democratic 106 2,895,406 68.57% 106 103 3
Republican 38 787,599 18.65% 0 2 2
NDPA 43 493,081 11.68% 0 1 1
Independent Party 5 41,732 0.99% 0 0
Conservative 3 4,133 0.10% 0 0
Independents 1 482 0.01% 0 0
Write-in — 26 0.001% — 0
Total 196 4,222,459 100% 106 106

General election results

District Democratic Republican National Democratic Others Total
Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes % Votes Maj. Mrg.
3rd p. 1 Hartell B. Lutz 30,604 92.08% — — — Richard Perkins 2,634 7.92% — — — 33,238 +27,970 +84.16%
3rd p. 3 Bill G. King 29,329 91.30% — — — Judge Harris 2,795 8.70% — — — 32,124 +26,534 +82.60%
3rd p. 4 Glenn H. Hearn 27,266 83.13% — — — Myrna Copeland 2,934 8.95% John Zynowski (Con.) 2,600 7.93% 32,800 +24,332 +74.18%
3rd p. 5 Billy Laxson 16,093 42.22% Douglas V. Hale 19,678 51.63% James Hicks 1,721 4.52% Russell Perry (Con.) 623 1.63% 38,115 −3,585 −9.41%
5th p. 2 Glen A. Reynolds 12,799 75.69% Frank B. Merkle 4,110 24.31% — — — — — — 16,909 +8,689 +51.39%
6th p. 1 David B. Cauthen 12,078 95.34% — — — Floyd Lee Jones 590 4.66% — — — 12,668 +11,488 +90.67%
6th p. 2 Ralph E. Slate 11,806 91.36% — — — Garry Nungester 1,117 8.64% — — — 12,923 +10,689 +82.71%
7th p. 3 Tom Drake 18,596 75.21% Carl J. Woodard 6,131 24.79% — — — — — — 24,727 +12,465 +50.41%
10th Ralph Reid 4,949 64.78% Bruce Phillips 2,639 34.54% Millard Graves 52 0.68% — — — 7,640 +2,310 +30.24%
12th Deacon Grey 8,568 94.67% — — — — — — H. A. Greer (Ind.) 482 5.33% 9,050 +8,086 +89.35%
13th p. 1 Alvis Naramore 13,208 89.36% Larry Akins 1,573 10.64% — — — — — — 14,781 +11,635 +78.72%
14th p. 1 J. Paul Meeks Jr. 80,317 59.20% James B. Knight Jr. 32,261 23.78% Lincoln Hendrick 23,100 17.03% — — — 135,678 +48,056 +35.42%
14th p. 2 J. T. Waggoner 83,096 72.14% Dooley Compton 32,094 27.86% — — — — — — 115,190 +51,002 +44.28%
14th p. 3 Robert L. Ellis 75,592 55.84% Malcolm Bethea 36,371 26.87% Calvin Smith 23,399 17.29% — — — 135,362 +39,221 +28.97%
14th p. 4 Ben L. Erdreich 72,617 54.08% C. Nelson Burkett 28,569 21.28% James Foy Jr. 22,386 16.67% Herbert Kilgore (AIP) 10,709 7.98% 134,281 +44,048 +32.80%
14th p. 5 Dick Dill 68,913 51.25% Bentley Owens 42,210 31.39% James Armstrong 23,339 17.36% — — — 134,462 +26,703 +19.86%
14th p. 6 Robert D. Timmons 74,272 55.32% Meade Whitaker 36,001 26.82% Demetrius Newton 23,979 17.86% — — — 134,252 +38,271 +28.51%
14th p. 7 Bob Adwell 76,791 57.22% James L. Cox 33,179 24.72% Thomas Wrenn 24,238 18.06% — — — 134,208 +43,612 +32.48%
14th p. 8 Raymond Weeks 77,975 58.33% Nick Sfakianos 32,504 24.31% James A. Easley 23,207 17.36% — — — 133,686 +45,471 +34.01%
14th p. 9 Chriss H. Doss 75,771 57.09% James A. Price 33,812 25.48% Samuel Jackson 23,133 17.43% — — — 132,716 +41,959 +31.62%
14th p. 10 Robert C. Gafford 78,804 59.21% Howard A. Ture 30,851 23.18% Davis Jordan 23,438 17.61% — — — 133,093 +47,953 +36.03%
14th p. 11 Wade Wallace 77,418 58.37% O. W. Irwin Jr. 32,981 24.87% C. H. Johnson 22,230 16.76% — — — 132,629 +44,437 +33.50%
14th p. 12 Drake Boutwell 74,163 55.08% Jim Holliman 29,096 21.61% Merulrine Watkins 22,891 17.00% Don Adams (AIP) 8,484 6.30% 134,634 +45,067 +33.47%
14th p. 13 Francis Falkenburg 69,821 52.48% Raymond C. Barry 28,644 21.53% Jonathon McPherson 23,792 17.88% Tommy Watkins (AIP) 10,784 8.11% 133,041 +41,177 +30.95%
14th p. 14 Horace W. Parker 64,406 47.88% Lynn Strickland Jr. 38,971 28.97% Ralph M. Galt 23,220 17.26% Verbon E. Crane (AIP) 7,932 5.90% 134,529 +25,435 +18.91%
14th p. 15 Quinton R. Bowers 82,213 73.89% Robert A. Thomason III 29,048 26.11% — — — — — — 111,261 +53,165 +47.78%
14th p. 16 Richard L. McBride 81,997 61.61% Davis Hunt Thompson 28,042 21.07% Jolene Lasater 23,043 17.31% — — — 133,082 +53,955 +40.54%
14th p. 17 J. Earl Jones 77,887 58.77% Richard W. Ellis 31,437 23.72% Hasty Kim Yow 23,215 17.52% — — — 132,539 +46,450 +35.05%
14th p. 18 Bennett L. Cherner 93,553 79.87% — — — Dave Conley 23,573 20.13% — — — 117,126 +69,980 +59.75%
14th p. 20 Hugh Boles 78,396 59.30% Doug Shockley 30,646 23.18% Leavy Oliver 23,170 17.52% — — — 132,212 +47,750 +36.12%
15th Doc Coshatt 4,824 65.69% Barnett Lawley 2,199 29.94% O. W. Green 321 4.37% — — — 7,344 +2,625 +35.74%
16th p. 1 Ray Burgess 14,564 76.54% Elvin McCary 4,464 23.46% — — — — — — 19,028 +10,100 +53.08%
16th p. 2 Hugh D. Merill 14,793 78.77% Pay Wayne Shaddix 3,986 21.23% — — — — — — 18,779 +10,807 +57.54%
17th William H. Lang 6,377 64.25% — — — Woodson D. Lewis 3,549 35.75% — — — 9,926 +2,828 +28.50%
18th p. 2 Edward D. Robertson 18,325 85.17% — — — Gene Newson 3,190 14.83% — — — 21,515 +15,135 +70.34%
18th p. 3 Tim Parker 18,753 86.72% — — — Joe N. Ross 2,873 13.28% — — — 21,626 +15,880 +73.44%
18th p. 4 Bert Bank 18,691 86.01% — — — Ruth Cummings 3,041 13.99% — — — 21,732 +15,650 +72.02%
19th Tom Stubbs 6,286 77.25% Lewis B. Walker 1,851 22.75% — — — — — — 8,137 +4,435 +54.50%
20th p. 2 Philip H. Smith 11,274 79.23% Roy McCaig 2,953 20.75% — — — Write-in 2 0.01% 14,229 +8,321 +58.48%
27th p. 1 Ira D. Pruitt 12,108 57.96% — — — Robert Scott 8,784 42.04% — — — 20,892 +3,324 +15.92%
27th p. 2 Rick Manley 12,142 57.58% — — — F. N. Nixon 8,942 42.41% Write-in 3 0.01% 21,087 +3,200 +15.17%
28th p. 1 Cot Cottingham 6,807 61.15% Jean Sullivan 3,546 31.85% Anna Taylor 779 7.00% — — — 11,132 +3,261 +29.30%
28th p. 2 W. Milam Turner Jr. 9,466 68.88% — — — Joe R. Johnson 4,277 31.12% — — — 13,743 +5,189 +37.76%
29th William D. Edwards 4,999 48.75% Joan Pate 2,505 24.43% Robert Strickland 2,751 26.83% — — — 10,255 +2,248 +21.92%
31st p. 1 James L. Paulk 8,624 47.75% — — — Thomas Reed 9,436 52.25% — — — 18,060 +812 +4.50%
31st p. 2 Fred Gray 9,938 53.18% Russell L. Irby 8,748 46.82% — — — — — — 18,686 +1,190 +6.36%
32nd p. 1 Bowen Brassell 11,149 87.21% — — — Carlton Mabry 1,635 12.79% — — — 12,784 +9,514 +74.42%
32nd p. 3 Charles H. Adams 10,907 86.54% — — — Lillie M. Cannon 1,696 13.46% — — — 12,603 +9,211 +73.08%
33rd p. 2 Joe McCorquodale 13,488 92.14% — — — Curtis Goode 1,151 7.86% — — — 14,639 +12,337 +84.28%
34th p. 1 Maston Mims 10,199 76.99% — — — H. B. Williams 3,049 23.01% — — — 13,248 +7,150 +53.98%
35th p. 1 Sam W. Taylor 21,692 54.58% Wayne Collett 10,209 25.69% Charles Spears 7,840 19.73% — — — 39,741 +11,483 +28.89%
35th p. 2 James D. Harris Jr. 20,423 50.85% Buddy Brendle 11,338 28.23% Larry Williams 7,492 18.65% Charles Muncaster (Con.) 910 2.27% 40,163 +9,085 +22.62%
35th p. 3 Walker Hobbie Jr. 20,563 51.15% Mark Anderson 12,112 30.13% Simuel Sippial 7,529 18.73% — — — 40,204 +8,451 +21.02%
35th p. 4 Fred R. Jones 20,913 51.25% Fred Hooper 12,341 30.24% E. D. Nixon 7,550 18.50% — — — 40,804 +8,572 +21.01%
37th p. 7 Dan Alexander 28,615 45.43% Bert Nettles 34,378 54.57% — — — — — — 62,993 −5,763 −9.14%
37th p. 8 Maurice A. Downing 30,908 51.91% Reggie Copeland 28,634 48.09% — — — — — — 59,542 +2,274 +3.82%
37th p. 9 Monty Collins 32,198 53.95% Victor Gaston 27,487 46.05% — — — — — — 59,685 +4,711 +7.90%
39th Philip T. May 5,416 58.62% — — — — — — W. Malcolm Edwards (AIP) 3,823 41.38% 9,239 +1,593 +17.24%

Democratic primary results

Eight Black Americans sought nominations from the Democratic Party in the 1970 state house elections.[6] Only one, Fred Gray, won their Democratic primary.[7]

  • District 14 (Jefferson)
    • Place 7: J. Mason Davis lost the first round of the Democratic primary to incumbent representative Bob Adwell.[8]
    • Place 17: Wilson Fallin Jr. was defeated by J. Earl Jones in the Democratic runoff.[9]
    • Place 20: Photographer Chris McNair was defeated by Hugh Boles in the Democratic runoff.[9]
  • District 28 (Dallas)
    • Place 1: Businessman Edwin Moss was defeated by incumbent representative Paul Cottingham in the Democratic runoff.[9]
    • Place 2: Radio personality Marius J. Anderson was defeated by incumbent representative Milam Turner in the Democratic runoff.[9]
  • District 31 (Barbour–Bullock–Macon)
    • Place 1: Civil rights leader Thomas Reed lost the first round of the Democratic primary to incumbent representative James L. Paulk, and subsequently won the general election as a candidate of the NDPA.[10]
    • Place 2: Attorney Fred Gray, candidate for the legislature in 1966, defeated incumbent representative Bill Nevile in the first round of the Democratic primary and won the subsequent general election.[10]

Runoff results by district

Candidates in boldface advanced to the general election. An asterisk (*) denotes a runoff winner who was the runner-up in the first round.

District Winner Loser Total
Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes % Votes Maj. Mrg.
1st p. 1 Ronnie Flippo 10,070 54.13% Donald Wallace Jr. 8,533 45.87% 18,603 +1,537 +8.26%
2nd p. 2 Wayland Cross 5,670 58.14% Paul Johnson 4,083 41.86% 9,753 +1,587 +16.27%
3rd p. 1 Hartwell Lutz 28,453 63.45% Tom Jones 16,387 36.55% 44,840 +12,066 +26.91%
3rd p. 3 Bill G. King 24,935 59.03% David Culver 17,307 40.97% 42,242 +7,628 +18.06%
5th p. 2 Glen Reynolds 11,808 55.31% W. A. Berryman (inc.) 9,539 44.69% 21,347 +2,269 +10.63%
7th p. 1 Finis St. John 17,500 55.24% Hinton Mitchem 14,181 44.76% 31,681 +3,319 +10.48%
10th Ralph Reid 5,507 63.90% Bill Lemley 3,111 36.10% 8,618 +2,396 +27.80%
11th p. 1 W. Waldrop 16,661 58.97% Robert Echols 11,591 41.03% 28,252 +5,070 +17.95%
11th p. 3 R. D. Wynot 18,704 65.85% W. E. Owens Jr. (inc.) 9,700 34.15% 28,404 +9,004 +31.70%
12th D. C. Grey 6,920 52.38% Max Newman 6,290 47.62% 13,210 +630 +4.77%
13th p. 1 Alvis Naramore 11,704 54.29% Alonzo Shumate (inc.) 9,855 45.71% 21,559 +1,849 +8.58%
13th p. 2 Robert T. Crowe 13,520 63.29% Oscar Dobbs (inc.) 7,842 36.71% 21,362 +5,678 +26.58%
14th p. 3 Bob Eillis (inc.) 79,015 50.73% Ed Randle 76,750 49.27% 155,765 +2,265 +1.45%
14th p. 6 Robert Timmons 82,384 55.24% Harold Ackerman 66,742 44.76% 149,126 +15,642 +10.49%
14th p. 9 Chris Doss 97,176 60.70% Tommy Watkins (inc.) 62,910 39.30% 160,086 +34,266 +21.40%
14th p. 11 Wade Wallace 86,566 53.88% Travis Tidwell 74,097 46.12% 160,663 +12,469 +7.76%
14th p. 12 Drake Boutwell 98,373 62.76% J. W. Patmon 58,366 37.24% 156,739 +40,007 +25.52%
14th p. 14 Horace Parker 79,210 52.07% Bedford Seale 72,898 47.93% 152,108 +6,312 +4.15%
14th p. 16 Richard McBride 114,396 75.65% George Spencer 36,830 24.35% 151,226 +77,566 +51.29%
14th p. 17 J. Earl Jones 100,578 63.91% Wilson Fallin Jr. 56,785 36.09% 157,363 +43,793 +27.83%
14th p. 20 Hugh Boles 94,755 54.23% Chris McNair 79,967 45.77% 174,722 +14,788 +8.46%
16th p. 1 Ray Burgess (inc.) 13,976 51.69% Kenneth Griffith 13,064 48.31% 27,040 +912 +3.37%
17th William Lang 5,312 52.19% B. G. Robison Jr. 4,867 47.81% 10,179 +445 +4.37%
18th p. 1[11] John Culver (inc.) 14,723 53.27% Temo Callahan 12,917 46.73% 27,640 +1,806 +6.53%
18th p. 3[11] Tim Parker 16,742 58.96% Ralph Brown (inc.) 11,653 41.04% 28,395 +5,089 +17.92%
20th p. 1[11] Murray McCluskey 9,741 51.14% Frank Clayton 9,306 48.86% 19,047 +435 +2.28%
25th Kirby Smith 9,026 73.90% J. C. Henderson 3,187 26.10% 12,213 +5,839 +47.81%
26th Charles Snell (inc.) 5,551 50.60% Shafford Leasley 5,420 49.40% 10,971 +131 +1.19%
27th Ira Pruitt (inc.) 8,197 53.96% Joe Reed 6,993 46.04% 15,190 +1,204 +7.93%
28th p. 1 Paul Cottingham 9,622 55.69% Edwin Moss 7,656 44.31% 17,278 +1,966 +11.38%
28th p. 2 Milam Turner 10,050 58.65% Marius Anderson 7,086 41.35% 17,136 +2,964 +17.30%
30th H. H. O'Daniel 5,896 52.26% Earnest Collier (inc.) 5,385 47.74% 11,281 +511 +4.53%
31st p. 2 Fred Gray 10,842 51.28% Bill Neville (inc.) 10,300 48.72% 21,142 +542 +2.56%
34th p. 2 J. E. Warren 6,821 79.61% W. P. Albritton 1,747 20.39% 8,568 +5,074 +59.22%
35th p. 1 Sam Taylor 23,541 56.30% Harold Harris (inc.) 18,276 43.70% 41,817 +5,265 +12.59%
35th p. 2 James Harris 21,526 51.62% Jere Harbin 20,172 48.38% 41,698 +1,354 +3.25%
35th p. 4 Fred Jones 25,953 61.29% Howard McElhaney (inc.) 16,390 38.71% 42,343 +9,563 +22.58%
35th p. 5 Jim Straiton 28,115 65.06% Curtis Springer (inc.) 15,100 34.94% 43,215 +13,015 +30.12%
36th p. 2 Gene Hardin (inc.) 7,744 56.42% Henry Wyatt 5,981 43.58% 13,725 +1,763 +12.85%
38th p. 1 Daniel Kinsey 11,116 69.13% Wilson Hayes 4,965 30.87% 16,081 +6,151 +38.25%
38th p. 2 Thomas Benton 8,721 53.53% Ernest Bailey 7,572 46.47% 16,293 +1,149 +7.05%
39th[12] Philip E. May 5,546 50.07% Malcolm Edwards 5,531 49.93% 11,077 +15 +0.14%
40th p. 2 Harold Wise 10,459 53.81% J. A. Hughes 8,978 46.19% 19,437 +1,481 +7.62%
41st G. C. Donaldson Jr. 4,661 50.10% Douglas Easter 4,642 49.90% 9,303 +19 +0.20%
Source: The Huntsville Times[13]

1967–1970 special elections

Contest County(ies) Date Incumbent Winner Result Cause
18th p. 2 Tuscaloosa Nov. 7, 1967 Hugh Thomas (D) Edward Robertson (D) Dem hold. Incumbent representative died in a traffic collision on April 25, 1967.[14]
3rd p. 2 Madison Nov. 5, 1968 John D. Snodgrass (D) Charles Grainger (D) Dem hold. Incumbent representative appointed to a circuit judgeship in Madison County on August 7, 1968.[15]
37th p. 6 Mobile Apr. 1, 1969 Coy Smith (D) G. Sage Lyons (D) Dem hold. Incumbent representative resigned in January 1969 after being elected to the Mobile County Commission.[16]
37th p. 7 Mobile Apr. 1, 1969 Elwood Hogan (D) Bert Nettles (R) Rep GAIN. Incumbent representative appointed special judge on the Mobile County Court of General Sessions on October 3, 1967.[17] First Republican elected to the legislature from Mobile County since the Reconstruction era.
2nd p. 2 Lawrence–Limestone Dec. 9, 1969[a] Robert Berryman (D) Kylie T. Berryman (D) Dem hold. Incumbent representative died of a heart attack on July 9, 1969.[18] Second woman to ever serve in the state legislature. See widow's succession.

District 18 place 2 (Tuscaloosa County)

November 7, 1967 district 18 place 2 special election[19]
Death of Hugh Thomas
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Edward Robertson 3,831 56.32% −43.68%
Republican H. H. Sullivan 2,971 43.68% New
Total votes 6,802 100.00%
Democratic hold

District 3 place 2 (Madison County)

November 5, 1968 district 3 place 2 special election[20]
Resignation of John D. Snodgrass
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Milton K. Cummings 27,882 57.18% −4.74%
Republican Jack Hay 15,905 32.62% −5.46%
NDPA Myrna Copeland 3,943 8.09% New
American Independent Bud Abbott 1,031 2.11% New
Total votes 48,761 100.00%
Democratic hold

District 37 place 6 (Mobile County)

April 1, 1969 district 37 place 6 special election[21]
Resignation of Coy Smith
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic G. Sage Lyons 24,631 74.90% +9.38%
Independent Clarence H. Montgomery 8,255 25.10% New
Total votes 34,271 100.00%
Democratic hold

District 37 place 7 (Mobile County)

April 1, 1969 district 37 place 7 special election[21]
Resignation of Elwood Hogan
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Bert Nettles 18,917 55.20% +28.41%
Independent Charles H. Bell III 7,344 21.43% New
Democratic Harry P. Clark 5,301 15.47% −57.74%
Independent W. B. Westbrook 2,709 7.90% New
Total votes 34,271 100.00%
Republican gain from Democratic

District 2 place 2 (Lawrence–Limestone)

December 9, 1969 district 2 place 2 special election
Death of Robert Berryman
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Kylie T. Berryman Unopposed
Democratic hold

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Acclaimed on October 10; special election not held.

References

  1. ^ Thomas, Rex (1 January 1971). "Alabama Sees Political Upheaval During 1970". The Huntsville Times. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  2. ^ Fox, Al (6 November 1964). "2 House GOPers lose, black membership 13". The Birmingham News. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  3. ^ "Wallace force has grip on Legislature". The Birmingham News. 13 January 1971. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  4. ^ "GOP now ready". The Birmingham News. 20 December 1970. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  5. ^ Sellers, Bill (6 February 1974). "Reapportionment Causes Headaches For Many In State". The Mobile Register. Retrieved 31 May 2025.
  6. ^ Fox, Al (3 May 1970). "Negroes believe 1970 year they'll win legislative seats". The Birmingham News. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  7. ^ McGregor, Jim (4 June 1970). "Negro wins legislature race". Birmingham Post-Herald. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  8. ^ "For Legislature-- Eight Negroes Make Runoffs". The Huntsville Times. Associated Press. 14 May 1970. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Tuskeegee Negro Attorney winner in legislative race". Birmingham Post-Herald. 4 June 1970. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  10. ^ a b "Williams Wins Sheriff's Race; Gray, Reed Winning For House". Union Springs Herald. 5 November 1970. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  11. ^ a b c Fox, Al (3 June 1970). "Sixty-three freshmen will sit in Legislature". The Birmingham News. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  12. ^ "State Contest Loser Wants Vote Recount". The Mobile Register. Associated Press. 15 August 1970. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  13. ^ "10 House Members Fall In State Vote". The Huntsville Times. Associated Press. 3 June 1970. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
  14. ^ "Tuscaloosa's Rep. Thomas Dies In Highway Collision". The Montgomery Advertiser. 26 April 1967. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  15. ^ "Solon Named Circuit Judge For Madison". Alabama Journal. 9 August 1968. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  16. ^ "Three Men Seek Mobile Vacancy". The Dothan Eagle. Associated Press. 17 January 1969. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  17. ^ "Alonzo's Seat Is Being Filled By Rep. Hogan". Alabama Journal. 3 October 1967. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  18. ^ "Berryman's Rites Slated In Moulton". The Huntsville Times. 10 July 1969. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  19. ^ "Robertson Wins In Tuscaloosa". The Dothan Eagle. Associated Press. 8 November 1967. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  20. ^ "Grainger Takes Oath". The Montgomery Advertiser. 26 November 1968. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  21. ^ a b "GOP Fills State Seat". The Selma Times-Journal. Associated Press. 2 April 1969. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
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