1920s in air cargo

This is a list of air cargo, airmail and airlift related events as well as a summary for the decade 1920–1929 (references to be found via the main Wikipedia links where not explicitly referenced here):

Summary for the decade

(Based on the content of this page where unreferenced:)

Civil Developments

Early airlines appeared worldwide, often with airmail as a main driver for the business and routes. Many new routes were tried and scheduled. Landmark long-distance and overseas flights were performed, demonstrating the potential of air travel, airmail and air cargo, while also raising public awareness of aviation's possibilities.

In Europe, the foundations of modern air cargo and airmail were established, driven by surplus aircraft and personnel from World War I. Former military bombers such as the Farman F.60 Goliath were converted for civilian use, carrying both passengers and freight.[1]

In the United States, airmail as well as commercial air freight services expanded over the continent. The Kelly Act (1925) triggered a spate of airline foundations and reorganizations in the U.S. because private companies could now bid for airmail routes. Commercial air cargo volumes in the United States saw explosive, near-exponential growth in the late 1920s.[2]

Aircraft reliability improved in the 1920s, enabling longer scheduled services and even overwater flights, but capacity for cargo remained limited. The focus was largely on light, high-value items such as letters, newspapers, diplomatic documents, medical supplies, and luxury goods. Cargo handling was rudimentary: there were no standard containers or mechanised loading systems, and many airports were simple ex-military airfields.[1] The introduction of visual airway beacons and the start of the transition to radio-based navigation (low-frequency radio ranges, NDB/RDF developments) within the same decade, were developments that gave a crucial advance making night and all-weather airmail / air cargo operations more reliable.

By the end of the 1920s, although air transport was still far from replacing rail or sea freight, it had proven itself as a rapid conduit for crucial goods. The decade laid critical groundwork: operational models combining cargo and passenger services, nascent air-freight networks, and more mature aircraft technology. These developments set the stage for the expansion of international air cargo in the decades that followed.[1]

Military Developments

Military air transport roles continued to shape early civil routes, often to colonial destinations: military squadrons and aircraft (e.g., RAF aircraft and later larger types such as the Vickers Vernon) were used for early airmail routes (for example Cairo–Baghdad service), and some military-style aircraft were repurposed for civilian mail/cargo duties.

Beginning with Italy in 1927, several countries experimented with using parachutes to drop armed soldiers behind enemy lines, a first step towards later military airborne / airlift operational capabilities.

Events

1920

1921

1922

  • November 2 – (Australia) Qantas started scheduled service between Charleville and Cloncurry after the first major air contract was landed in November 1922, its first regular airmail/passenger route.[15]
  • November 15 – (Japan) First scheduled passenger / cargo airline services in Japan, linking Sakai, Osaka, and Tokushima. It was the Sakai-Takamatsu route, established by Inoue Choichi's Japan Air Transport Research Institute. It operated three round-trip flights per week, handling both passengers and cargo, with a one-way fare of 40 yen.[16]

1923

  • April – (United Kingdom / Iraq) Aircraft of the British Royal Air Force's Iraq Command flew 280 Sikh troops from Kingarban to Kirkuk in the first British air trooping airlift operation.
  • May 2–3 – (United States) First U.S. nonstop transcontinental flight — Lts. Oakley G. Kelly and John A. Macready flew a Fokker T-2 nonstop across the U.S. (Roosevelt Field → San Diego area), showing the potential for long-range point-to-point air transport (implications for transcontinental mail/cargo routing and for heavier transport aircraft design).[17][18]
  • May 23 – (Belgium) Sabena started with an airmail / air cargo flight the same day it is founded, flying a De Havilland DH.9 from Haren, Belgium via Ostend to Lympne, United Kingdom.[19]

1924

1925

  • February 2 – (United States) Air Mail Act of 1925 (Kelly Act) passed. U.S. Congress passed the Contract Air Mail Act, permitting the Post Office to contract private companies to carry airmail. This law is widely seen as the legal/financial trigger for commercial airlines; it created the market (paid mail routes) that allowed private carriers and manufacturers to grow.[25]
  • April 13 – (United States) First U.S. scheduled air freight service. Henry Ford's Ford Air Transport Service begins scheduled freight flights carrying parts and mail between factories in Detroit and Chicago.
  • April 20 – (Japan) First scheduled airmail services in Japan. Seeing the success of the scheduled passenger/cargo airlines started in 1922, the Ministry of Communications began experimental air transport of mail using these routes.[16]
  • July 1 – (United States) The United States Post Office Department inaugurates 24-hour transcontinental air mail service. Previously, mailplanes had not flown at night and trains had carried the mail during the hours of darkness, but the completion of a coast-to-coast system of lighted beacons has allowed night flying to become practical along the entire route. The day-and-night flying allows the transcontinental air mail service to deliver mail notably faster than train-only service for the first time.[26]
  • November 25 – (United Kingdom-Africa) Imperial Airways starts a route proving flight from London to Cape Town and back.

1926

1927

1928

  • February 20 – (Cuba) Havana (Pan-American) Convention on Commercial Aviation finalized to set out early rules for commercial aviation among American states (sovereignty, freedoms, etc.), helping to clear the way for international air services (including airmail/cargo) across the Americas.[36]
  • March 8 – (United States) The Foreign Airmail Act broadened the authority of the United States Post Office Department in the field of international airmail. The legislation authorized the Post Office to enter into contracts, lasting up to ten years, for the transportation of mail between the United States and foreign countries or U.S. insular territories.[37]
  • May 17 – (United States) An amendment to the Air Mail Act of 1925 allowed air carriers that had satisfactorily operated mail routes for at least two years to exchange their existing contracts for air mail route certificates with terms of up to ten years. The amendment was intended to safeguard airline investments in aircraft and equipment, whose service life exceeded that of the original short-term contracts. During this period, airmail contracts represented the principal source of revenue for most U.S. airlines.[37]
  • July 17 – (United States) Thompson Aeronautical Corporation (TAC) won Contract Air Mail route 27 (CAM 27) from the U.S. Post Office, servicing the Chicago-Muskegon-Bay City-Pontiac, MI, route, starting service on July 17, 1928, with 6 Stinson Detroiter aircraft.[38]
  • September 18 – (Germany - United states) First flight of the LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin followed by first transatlantic commercial/airship flight and airmail delivery in October.
  • October 28 – (United States) Pan American opened regular services from Key West to Havana using Fokker FVIIa landplanes.[3]
  • December 4 – (United States) The Aeronautics Branch issued regulations governing the entry and clearance procedures for aircraft transporting foreign cargo and passengers into the United States. The regulations took effect on February 1, 1929.[37]
  • December 12–14 – (United States) International Civil Aeronautics Conference (Washington, D.C.), a high-level international conference convened (with Presidential involvement) to evaluate civil aviation's progress and future — helped set global attention (and some technical/policy exchange) around standards, safety and international cooperation that would shape future airmail and commercial air services.[39]
  • December 23 - February 29, 1929 – (United Kingdom / Afghanistan-India) During the Kabul airlift of 1928-1929, the RAF conducted a long-range non-combat air evacuation of British Embassy staff from Afghanistan to India using seven Vickers Victoria aircraft, one Handley Page Hinaidi, 24 Airco DH.9As and two Westland Wapitis.

1929

Airlines, companies and organizations founded

This decade, the following airlines or air cargo related companies or organizations were founded that were or would become important for air cargo and airmail history:

1920

  • Undated – (Hungary) Maefort, or Magyar Aeroforgalmi Rt. (Hungarian Air Transport Joint Stock Company) - initially founded to carry mail. The company added passenger services in 1921.[45]
  • Undated – (Belgian Congo) Ligne Aérienne du Roi Albert (LARA) - a short-lived colonial airline (1920–1922) set up to exploit an aerial route along the Congo River using Levy Lepen hydroplanes. LARA carried ~2 tonnes of mail during its short existence and opened long riverine legs where ground infrastructure was absent.
  • Undated – (New Zealand) Mount Cook Airline - had its origins NZ Aero Transport Co. in Timaru, which later evolved into Mount Cook Air Services and Mount Cook Airline (a regional NZ operator until merged into Air New Zealand in 2019). The early company ran sightseeing and local passenger/freight routes and helped pioneer regional air access (including carrying freight/mail in rural New Zealand).
  • January – (Norway) A/S Aero - a short-lived Norwegian firm founded by Tancred Ibsen, operating demonstration, advertising and limited mail flights in summer 1920 from the Oslo area.
  • January 1 – (France) CFRNA (Compagnie Franco-roumaine de navigation aérienne) - a French–Romanian airline that operated Paris ↔ Central / Eastern Europe routes and later renamed CIDNA (and eventually merged into Air France in 1933). CFRNA provided passenger, mail and cargo services on transcontinental European routes (Paris - Bucharest via key stops). It's often described as the first operative transcontinental airline in aviation history.
  • November 16 – (Australia) Qantas (Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services Ltd.) - founded in Winton, Queensland; later grew into Australia's flag carrier. Qantas began as a regional operator connecting remote communities in the Australian interior and performed early mail/passenger duties across the outback, Australia's sparsely settled areas.

1921

  • Undated – (Estonia) Aeronaut (A-S Aeronaut) ; Aeronaut - the first Estonian airline, operating international/regional routes from Tallinn (Tallinn–Helsinki, Tallinn–Stockholm, Tallinn–Riga–Königsberg and domestic lines). By creating scheduled international links from 1921 onward it helped integrate Estonia into early Northern/ Baltic airmail networks.
  • Undated Spring – (United States) Aeromarine West Indies Airways - founded / reorganized: reorganized as Aeromarine Airways in spring 1921 (original company began 1920; organized operations through 1921). The airline transported passengers, mail and freight beginning in 1921 and is credited as one of the first U.S. international airlines to carry U.S. airmail and express cargo (Key West–Havana services). It's noteworthy as an early U.S. international mail/cargo carrier and as one of the "first total-service" airlines (passenger + mail + express).
  • May 10 – (Poland) Aerotarg (Poznań Airline Society "Aero-Targ") - established to serve the Poznań International Fair and carried airmail for the Polish Post (special stamps issued). Its short-lived operations nevertheless included regular Poznań–Warsaw and Poznań–Danzig flights, transporting about 3,000 kg of parcels during the fair. Ceased operations 16 June 1921.
  • July 12 – (Mexico) Mexicana de Aviación (Compañía Mexicana de Aviación) - Mexico's first airline and one of the world's oldest single-brand carriers. Mexicana developed domestic and international routes and later operated a dedicated cargo subsidiary (Mexicana Cargo, noted in historical records for the 1980s). As Mexico's primary early carrier it was a major conduit for domestic airmail and later for scheduled freight/cargo operations in the country and region. Ceased operations 28 August 2010.
  • November 24 – (Germany - Russia) Deruluft (Deutsch-Russische Luftverkehrs A.G.), a German–Soviet joint airline - a formal international air carrier connecting Germany and Soviet Russia — initially focused on official passengers and postal traffic.[46]
  • December 5 – (Australia) Western Australian Airways, renamed West Australian Airways 1926 - founded by Norman Brearley. The company bid for and received government subsidised air-mail & passenger contracts in 1921 and later won Australia's first interstate airmail contract (Perth–Adelaide in 1928/1929). It was Australia's first scheduled airline and a pioneer in using aircraft for rural/long-distance mail and freight distribution.

1922

  • June – (United States) Model Airways - an experimental scheduled flight service operated by the U.S. Army Air Service. It served as a pilot program to demonstrate the feasibility of military and commercial air transport within the United States. The program was designed to test the logistics of moving personnel and cargo on fixed schedules, establishing a precursor to modern operational support airlift. Service began between Bolling Field (Washington, D.C.) and McCook Field (Dayton, Ohio), and quickly grew to encompass a network of 10 airfields, including Scott Field in Illinois and bases in Texas. The service primarily utilized modified de Havilland DH-4 biplanes, which were two-seater aircraft originally built for combat during World War I. In total by 1926 over 1.2 million miles were flown, and more than 1,200 passengers and approximately 62,000 pounds of cargo were carried. The program was disbanded in 1926 following the passage of the Air Commerce Act, which restricted government agencies from competing with private aviation enterprises. The Model Airways is considered the first large-scale scheduled airline service in the U.S. and a foundational model for national airway networks, but also it allowed the Army to develop standard procedures for cross-country flying, including the use of landing fields, beacons, and aeronautical charts.[47]
  • June 3 – (Poland) Aerolot (Polska Linja Lotnicza / Aerolloyd) - the first regular airline in the Polish lands and built Poland's early scheduled route network (Danzig–Warsaw–Lwów and later other links). Aerolot became the nucleus of the later national carrier LOT.
  • July 31 – (Latvia / Germany) Latvijas Gaisa Satiksmes Akciju Sabiedriba (Latvian–German airline) - founded as a Junkers-backed regional operator flying international services in the Baltic region and carried freight and mail on its Osteuropa/Union routes. It was part of the early European web of scheduled services that transported passengers, cargo and postal consignments between capitals.
  • November 19 – (Hungary) Malert (Magyar Légiforgalmi R.T.) - established Hungary's scheduled air links in the 1920s (Budapest - Vienna / Belgrade / Warsaw / Prague etc.) and was the principal Hungarian inter-capital operator in the interwar years; those scheduled services were used for mail and light cargo as part of state and commercial postal arrangements.

1923

  • Undated – (United Kingdom) British Marine Air Navigation Co. Ltd. - a short-lived early UK operator with marine/floatplane focus and carried both passengers and mail, though it is best known for its passenger services. The company began operating the world's first scheduled flying boat service in 1923, with flights to Cherbourg, Le Havre, and the Channel Islands.
  • Undated – (United States) Florida Airways - an early U.S. regional carrier that later participated in the CAM (Commercial Air Mail) era.
  • January 1 – (France) Air Union - one of the main French operators of the 1920s that carried passengers, mail and freight on domestic and international routes; its network and equipment later became part of the national consolidation that formed Air France in 1933, which carried major airmail and air-freight contracts.
  • March – (Soviet Union) Dobrolyot (precursor of Aeroflot) - established in the Soviet Union as the Russian Society of Volunteer Air Fleet; its charter explicitly included mail and cargo services and airport/weather-station construction.
  • March 16 – (United States) Bee Line - reorganised in 1926 as Colonial Air Transport and won/operated CAM airmail routes in the U.S. (CAM-1 and other early subsidized airmail routes).
  • May 23 – (Belgium) Sabena (Société anonyme belge d'Exploitation de la Navigation aérienne) - the Belgian national flag carrier created to take over the pioneering SNETA services. Sabena carried international and colonial mail/cargo (and later freight) across Europe and to Belgian colonies.
  • June – (Soviet Union) Ukrpovitroshliakh / Ukrvozdukhput - the first USSR regional airline; one of the early Soviet carriers running passenger and mail/cargo services.
  • October 6 – (Czechoslovakia) Czechoslovak Airlines (ČSA) - one of the oldest continuously operating carriers (until recent cessation). ČSA began with domestic Prague–Bratislava services and quickly took on government postal/transport tasks — essential to establishing reliable domestic air mail and later international cargo/passenger links in Central Europe.
  • November 1 – (Finland) Finnair - founded as Aero O/Y with first operations and early flights following in 1924. Early operations used Junkers F.13 floatplanes and carried mail as well as passengers.[48]
  • December – (Italy) Aero Espresso Italiana (AEI) - ran international routes in the eastern Mediterranean (Brindisi–Athens–Istanbul / Rhodes) and operated flying-boat services that carried international airmail as well as passengers.

1924

  • Undated – (United States) Johnson Flying Service - one of the oldest U.S. mountain/supplemental carriers; although not primarily an airmail carrier, it provided early commercial air services in remote regions (charter, freight, later forest-service support).
  • Undated – (Slovakia) Slov-Air - began as a corporate/utility flying section (Bata) in 1924; historically focused on agricultural, utility and later helicopter/medical work rather than scheduled airmail it had limited direct impact on early international airmail systems but was notable for specialised cargo/utility aviation in Czechoslovakia/Slovakia.
  • March 27 – (Sweden) AB Aerotransport (ABA) - an early Swedish national carrier which quickly established international and regional routes and began carrying mail (Stockholm–Helsinki and later mail links to Amsterdam/London).
  • March 31 – (United Kingdom) Imperial Airways Limited - a merged airline, formed with equipment, assets and routes from each contributing concern: British Marine Air Navigation Co Ltd, the Daimler Airway, Handley Page Transport Ltd and the Instone Air Line Ltd., following a 1923 government committee recommendation that the main British airlines should merge, to establish one, financially strong, airline, and to enable it to undertake the necessary expansions.
  • May 5 – (Germany / South America) Condor Syndikat (German trade/air operations, active 1924–1927) - a German venture operating in South America, carrying passengers and mail on early Rio–Porto Alegre services and helped establish German airline commercial interests.
  • September 3 – (Tajikistan) Tajik Air - the first regular airline service in (what is now) Tajikistan — crucial for connecting remote mountain settlements where surface transport was slow or impossible; airmail and small cargo delivery to highland valleys were immediate and lasting uses of these routes.

1925

  • Undated – (China) Eurasia Aviation Corporation - a Chinese airline headquartered in Shanghai.[49] The company had a Sino-German joint-venture with Deutsche Luft Hansa.[50] Eurasia, classified as a state-owned airline by the Ministry of Communications of China,[51] operated the Junkers W33[52] and, later, the three-engined Junkers Ju 52.The main fleet base was Hong Kong. It carried passengers, mail, and cargo.[53]
  • Undated – (Switzerland) Belair / Balair - the early Balair (Balair I) operated seasonal services and performed government-subsidized routes that included mail carriage; by 1930 it had already carried passengers, cargo and notable quantities of mail (32–143 tons reported in early years).
  • Undated – (United States) Ford Air Transport Service - founded by Henry Ford is often cited as the first regularly scheduled commercial cargo airline in the U.S. — Ford used Stout 2-AT / early Ford Trimotors to carry parts and mail between factories and to operate scheduled freight runs.
  • Undated – (United States) Stout Air Services - founded by William B. Stout, closely linked to Stout (and Ford) aircraft production. It was one of the earliest regularly scheduled passenger carriers in the U.S. and carried mail/cargo on early routes. Stout's operations and aircraft (Stout 2-AT and later the Stout 3-AT which developed into the Ford Trimotor) were used on airmail and freight services.
  • January 19 – (Italy) Società Anonima Navigazione Aerea (SANA) - founded in Genoa as an Italian seaplane operator concentrating on western Mediterranean routes (Genoa–Rome–Naples–Palermo and international links). It carried passengers and postal shipments by flying boat — an important element in Mediterranean airmail and freight in the interwar period. Merged into Ala Littoria in 1934.
  • February – (Poland) Towarzystwo Komunikacji Lotniczej Aero (Aero S.A.) - one of the Polish carriers of the mid-1920s carrying passengers and mail; Aero later merged into the national consolidation that formed LOT Polish Airlines.
  • March 2 – (United States) Huff Daland Dusters - started as an aerial crop-dusting company, was not a mail or cargo carrier, but it grew into Delta Air Lines, currently one of the world's largest airlines, carrying passengers, mail and cargo.
  • April 19 – (United States) Ryan Airline Company - founded in San Diego and ran one of southern California's earliest scheduled services (Los Angeles–San Diego). Ryan built and operated mail and small passenger services (Ryan M-1 and other types) and operated early scheduled feeder routes that supported mail/cargo networks.
  • May 21 – (United States) National Air Transport - founded for the purpose of carrying parcels and to compete for Contract Airmail (CAM) routes, was awarded several CAM routes and became a major U.S. airmail carrier. It is bought by Boeing in 1930 to later become United Airlines.[2][54]
  • July 13 – (United States) Western Air Express (later Western Airlines) - formed to bid for and operate Contract Airmail Routes (CAMs).
  • September 15 – (Bolivia) Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano (LAB) - commenced service 23–24 Sep 1925 and was Bolivia's flag carrier from 1925 until 2010. LAB operated domestic and later international passenger and freight services. In early decades it carried significant volumes of mail and cargo in a country where air links were crucial for connecting remote regions.

1926

  • January 6 – (Germany) Deutsche Luft Hansa - Germany's flag carrier; began operations in April.
  • October 14 – (United States) The Materiel Division of the U.S. Army Air Corps was set up by combining the former Air Service's Airplane Engineering Division and Fairfield Aviation General Supply Depot under the newly established Army Air Corps. It undertook USAAC's aviation research & development, flight testing, procurement, supply and maintenance activities.[55]
  • July – (United States) Thompson Aeronautical Corporation (TAC) - organized in July 1926 and won early Contract Air Mail routes from the U.S. Post Office. In 1931, the airline-operating side of Thompson Aeronautical became a subsidiary of the parent company operating as Transamerican Airlines Corporation (TAC)[38]
  • October 1 – (United States) Northwest Airways - founded as a contract mail carrier.[37]

1927

1928

  • May 1 – (United States) Pitcairn Aviation - began operations along the Atlantic seaboard as a contract mail-hauler.
  • July 16 – (Dutch East Indies) KNILM - Koninklijke Nederlandsch-Indische Luchtvaart Maatschappij (in English: Royal Dutch Indies Airways) - the flag carrier of the former Dutch East Indies, originally founded as NILM. Headquartered in Amsterdam, KNILM was not a subsidiary of the better-known KLM (Royal Dutch Airlines), despite the similar name. The airline had its headquarters in Amsterdam and an office in on the grounds of Tjililitan Airfield (current Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport) in Batavia (current Jakarta). KNILM did not fly to the Netherlands, as the Amsterdam-Batavia weekly service was operated by KLM.[56] Its operations facilitated the transport of airmail, freight, and people across the Dutch East Indies and to other parts of Southeast Asia. [57]
  • October 30 – (Japan) Japan Air Transport Corporation (JAT) - established by the Japanese government the as the national flag carrier under the Ministry of Communications. JAT absorbed the Japan Air Transport Institute and two other small companies and began scheduled airmail and air cargo services in 1929.
  • December 29 – (Poland) LOT Polish Airlines - formed from a merger and commenced scheduled operations 1 January 1929; airmail was carried from the beginning of the company's existence.[58]

1929

  • January 30 – (United States) Inter-Island Airways — first service with Sikorsky Aircraft flying boats began in October/November 1929 and the airline later took on authorized inter-island airmail routes.[59]
  • March – (United States) Railway Express Agency (REA) - an early American air freight agent. In March 1929, the assets and operations of American Railway Express Inc. (founded 1918) were transferred to Railway Express Agency (REA). REA was owned by 86 railroads in proportion to the express traffic on their lines; no one railroad or group of railroads controlled the agency. In response to customer demand, REA added a Chicago-based refrigerator car line. In 1927, REA began an Air Express Division.[60]
  • March 5 – (Chile) Línea Aérea Nacional (LAN) - Chile's government-sponsored postal/airline (often styled as Línea Aeropostal Santiago–Arica) was established to provide domestic air service and postal carriage.[61]
  • July 24 – (South Africa) Union Airways - a national/regionally focused carrier whose early role included airmail.[62]


First flights

This decade, the following aircraft that were or would become important for air cargo and airmail history had their first flight:

1920

1921

1922

1923

1924

1925

1926

1927

  • Undated – (United States) Elias AJE Air Express - a prototype of a small mail plane.
  • Undated – (United States) Keystone Pronto - a mail plane design.
  • Undated – (United States) Pitcairn PA-5 Mailwing - designed specifically as a mail plane for US mail.[66]
  • Undated – (United States) Stearman C3 - an American-built civil biplane aircraft of the 1920s, designed by Stearman Aircraft of Wichita, Kansas. The C3MB was a special mail-carrying aircraft based on the C3 with the forward cockpit enclosed as a dedicated cargo compartment. This version was operated in 1928 by National Parks Airways on airmail route CAM 26 from Salt Lake City, Utah to Pocatello, Idaho and Great Falls, Montana.[74]
  • Undated – (United States) Travel Air 4000 - an American general-purpose biplane used for both mail and cargo, as well as for passenger flights, training, and aerobatics. Specialized versions were built or converted to serve as dedicated mailplanes, featuring a mail compartment in place of the front cockpit. Other variants were also used by bush pilots to haul freight to remote areas.[75]
  • April 29 – (France) Latécoère 28 - the principal long-range airmail aircraft for Aéropostale.
  • June 24 – (Soviet Union) Polikarpov Po-2 - originally designed as a trainer and utility aircraft, it served a variety of civil and military roles, including the transport of mail, supplies, and personnel, particularly in areas with limited infrastructure. Its ability to take off and land on short, rough, or improvised airstrips made it ideal for operating in remote locations, where larger, more modern aircraft could not easily reach. After World War II, the Po-2 continued in service for many years with various national air forces and civilian operations, with specific mentions of its use for mail delivery in Poland and for general "light transport" with Aeroflot in the Soviet Union.
  • July 4 – (United States) Lockheed Vega - an American five- to seven-seat high-wing monoplane airliner built by the Lockheed Corporation starting in 1927. It became famous for its use by a number of record-breaking pilots who were attracted to its high speed and long range. Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in one, and Wiley Post used his to prove the existence of the jet stream after flying around the world twice.

1928

1929

  • Undated – (United States) Pitcairn PA-7 Mailwing - designed specifically as a mail plane for US mail.[66]
  • Undated – (United States) Waco JYM / JWM (mail variants) - small-series Waco variants marketed/used for mail carriage.
  • January 15 – (United States) Stearman M-2 Speedmail (nicknamed the Bull Stearman) - a mail-carrier aircraft produced by the Stearman Aircraft Company of Wichita, Kansas. The Speedmail was a single-seat biplane, with two large cargo compartments in place of a front cockpit.
  • March 9 – (France) Blériot 195 - a monoplane long-range mail plane design of which only one aircraft was built.
  • July 12 – (Germany) Dornier Do X - the largest, heaviest, and most powerful flying boat in the world when it was produced by the Dornier company of Germany in 1929. First conceived by Claude Dornier in 1924,[80] planning started in late 1925 and after over 240,000 work-hours it was completed in June 1929.[81] Although mainly a passenger transport plane, the Do X and other Dornier flying boats were considered for mail/air postal duties on long stretches and experimental routes, but never used for the purpose.


Context

The air cargo and airmail events of this decade took place within the following historical context:

Pictures from the decade

  • air cargo and airmail in the decade 1920-1929
  • Airmail employees transferring airmail bags from one de Havilland (DH-4B) aircraft to another at the Reno, Nevada airmail field. On September 8, 1920, the Post Office Department completed the western leg of the nation's transcontinental flyway. Mail was flown through Reno on its way between San Francisco, California and New York City, New York. The 1921 "Transcontinental Air Mail Pilot's Log of Distances, Landmarks, and Flying Directions" provided to all airmail employees described Reno's airmail field as follows: "The air mail field at Reno lies two miles west of the city. The main runway lies east and west. The field is marked by a T and wind indicator. And landing from four ways is unobstructed. Reno is 4,497 feet above sea level. Whenever possible it is advisable to leave the Reno field on the east-west runway, taking off to the east. A slight downgrade enables the ship to quickly obtain flying speed. Just beyond the east edge of the field the ground is extremely rough and there is a huge ditch here."
  • Eddie Hubbard piloted the Boeing B-I flying boat shown here from 1920 to 1927, flying air mail on the first regularly scheduled international airmail route between Seattle and Victoria, B.C.. The plane could carry two passengers plus mail and cargo. After seven years of service without losing a single piece of mail, the B-1 was retired from airmail service in 1927. The plane now hangs on exhibit at the Museum of History & Industry in Seattle.
  • Canterbury Aviation Company's airmail service, 1920s. On 31 January 1921, just months after making the first airmail crossing between the North and South Islands, Captain Euan Dickson flew the first regular airmail service flight in New Zealand. This first flight of the Canterbury Aviation Company’s new airmail service left Christchurch at 8 a.m., carrying several hundred letters to Ashburton and Timaru into the teeth of a south-westerly gale.
  • QANTAS aircraft, the Armstrong Whitworth FK8, ca. 1922 This aircraft was one of the original QANTAS airmail fleet in 1922. The plane was used for the first regular QANTAS service between Charleville and Cloncurry. It was a surplus World War I plane. G-AUDE.
  • Flight plans for connections from Vienna (airfield in Aspern and for seaplanes: landing site at the Reichsbrücke), Munich, Zurich, Geneva, Frankfurt am Main, Budapest. General provisions for airmail, 1924.
  • Covers flown Eastbound (top) and Westbound (bottom) on the first flights on CAM-5 between Pasco, WA, and Elko, NV, USA. April 6, 1926.
  • U.S. Airmail poster advertising the ten-cent rate, 1927. This airmail poster reminded its audience that airmail is good for business. It announces that the "first to arrive gets first attention". Text at the bottom of the poster reminds readers of the new ten cents per half-ounce airmail rate. The poster includes an illustration of a biplane at the top. Businesses were generally supportive of airmail service and were among its most frequent users during the service's first decade. The Post Office Department used this poster increase that customer base. The price for airmail bounced up and down over the next few years, with rates tied to different levels of service, including distance. On February 1, 1927, when this poster was published, airmail rates were set at ten cents per half-ounce.
  • Stamp Bulgaria 1927.
  • Stamp Spirit of St Louis 1927 Issue-10c.
  • Colombia SCADTIA airmail Bogota to USA cover front, 1928.
  • Photograph of airmail pilot Lloyd Bertaud and unidentified individual. After his years in the airmail service, Lloyd Bertaud continued to try and make aviation history. He and an old airmail buddy, James DeWitt Hill, were swept up in the excitement of record making flights in these early aviation years. They decided to try for a distance record-making trip Rome. The pair were sponsored by newspaper giant William Randolph Hearst and accompanied on their flight by Philip Payne, a Hearst employee. The pair took off in a Fokker F.VIIA monoplane they named Old Glory from an airfield in Maine on September 6, 1927. At about 4 am the next morning Bertaud radioed a pair of distress calls. The nearest ship reached an assumed crash area later that morning, but was unable to find any sign of the plane or crew. Hearst sent a chartered ship, the SS Kyle, to the search area. Five days after Bertaud's distress calls the Kyle's crew discovered Old Glory's wreckage. There was no sign of the crew.
  • Fokker F-10 super tri-motor airplane marked with the name "Fokker F-Ten" on the tarmac at the Oakland, California, airport. This airplane was one of five used by Western Air Express to carry mail and passengers on its Los Angeles San Francisco route in the late 1920s.
  • Airmail planes at Omaha, Nebraska USA. The Post Office Department constructed hangars for their use at this Omaha, Nebraska airmail field. Omaha was part of the transcontinental flyway between New York City, New York to San Francisco, California. A group of mail airplanes are parked in front of the main hangar. Most of the craft are Douglas M-3 or M-4 airplanes. A Boeing Model 40 aircraft is parked at the far right of the photograph. These airplanes were among those built as part of a search by postal officials for a successor to the de Havilland DH-4B, an airplane that was nicknamed the workhorse of the early airmail service. Although the Douglas planes were used for airmail service under the Department, the Boeing was not; the one here is with Boeing Air Transport. Both airplanes were used in the later 1920s by commercial aviation companies.
  • Cargo. ABA - AB Aerotransport begin to fly June 18th 1928, night air mail flights between Stockholm - London. Junkers F13 Dalsland S-AAAC, today in Stockholm Tekniska Museet.
  • Air Union Orient poster for airmail by seaplane into the Mediterranian, c.1929
  • Airmail Station and Rotating Beacon at the Allentown Airport, Pennsylvania, United States, 1929.
  • Airmail Pilots at Allentown Airport - Allentown PA, USA, 1929.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "1920s: The Decade That Revolutionised European Airfreight Forever". Air Cargo Week. 13 March 2025. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  2. ^ a b c "Air Freight". Centennial of Flight Commission. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  3. ^ a b c "Aviation History – The Pichs Collection". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  4. ^ a b "Instone Air Line Founded 1919". Instone Air. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  5. ^ a b "KLM and the Fokker F.II and F.III". European Airlines – Aviation History. 17 June 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  6. ^ "Air Mail". Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. 7 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  7. ^ Jensen, Richard, "The Suicide Club", Aviation History, May 2017, p. 52.
  8. ^ "First Transcontinental Airmail Involving Night Flying". My Postal History. 24 April 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  9. ^ "The Knight of the Air: Airmail and the Government's Role". Centennial of Flight Commission. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  10. ^ Daniel, Clifton, Chronicle of the 20th Century, Mount Kisco, New York: Chronicle Publications, 1987, ISBN 0-942191-01-3, p. 272.
  11. ^ a b "First airport, first cargo: skies got organised". Air Cargo Week. Azura International. Retrieved 11 December 2025.
  12. ^ Jensen, Richard, "The Suicide Club," Aviation History, May 2017, p. 64.
  13. ^ "Air Mail to Baghdad". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  14. ^ Brearley, Norman (1971). Australian Aviator. Perth: Rigby. p. 82. ISBN 0851795757.
  15. ^ "Qantas Story Takes Flight in Outback Hangar". National Trust of Australia. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  16. ^ a b c "The Dawn of Japanese Aviation". National Diet Library, Japan. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  17. ^ "First Transcontinental Nonstop Flight". National Museum of the United States Air Force. United States Air Force. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  18. ^ "5 Surprising Facts About the First Nonstop Transcontinental Flight". Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. 21 May 2025. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  19. ^ "Founded on 23 May 1923 – Exactly 100 Years Ago". Aviation24.be. 23 May 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  20. ^ Rearden, Jim (2009). Alaska's First Bush Pilots, 1923-30. Missoula: Pictorial Histories Publishing Company, Inc. pp. 7–26. ISBN 9781575101477.
  21. ^ "Belfast–Liverpool Air Service". Flight. London: 262. 1924-05-08.
  22. ^ "Airmail Pilots". Centennial of Flight Commission. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  23. ^ "Scheduled Air Service in Canada". Airways Magazine. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  24. ^ "Airship Society Newsletter Vol. 18, No. 4" (PDF). Airship Society of North America. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  25. ^ "Airmail Comes of Age" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  26. ^ Jensen, Richard, "The Suicide Club," Aviation History, May 2017, pp. 63, 64, 65.
  27. ^ "FATALITIES IN THE LINE OF DUTY". Air Mail Pioneers. Archived from the original on May 18, 2011. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
  28. ^ "Arago: Employees". Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on May 24, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
  29. ^ "Pilot Smith". Time. 1926-02-22. Archived from the original on January 31, 2011. Retrieved 2012-04-01.
  30. ^ "Building the Commercial Aviation Network". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  31. ^ "First Air Commerce Commissioner" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  32. ^ "FreightWaves Classics: Aviation Begins, Air Cargo Follows Quickly (Part 1)". Heavy Haul Texas. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  33. ^ Ranter, Harro. "Accident Farman F.61 Goliath F-ADFN, Thursday 5 May 1927". aviation-safety.net.
  34. ^ "The Trans-Atlantic Flight of the 'America'." check-six.com, 19 October 2010. Retrieved: 20 December 2010.
  35. ^ "Accident Fokker F.VIIb/3m NX206". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  36. ^ "1928: The Havana Convention". Scribd. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  37. ^ a b c d "Chronology of Aviation History" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  38. ^ a b c "The Early Days of Commercial Aviation in Cleveland II: Thompson Aeronautical". AviationCLE. 8 August 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2025.
  39. ^ "The First International Conference on Civil Aviation". National Archives. 15 August 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  40. ^ "1918 - UPS Pressroom". Pressroom.ups.com. December 15, 2008. Archived from the original on May 19, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
  41. ^ "Timeline: Pan Am Cargo". Pan Am Historical Foundation. Pan Am Historical Foundation. Retrieved 5 January 2026.
  42. ^ "The Pan Am Ball Gets Rolling". Pan Am Historical Foundation. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  43. ^ "Airmail Collection". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  44. ^ "Qantas: The First Passenger Flight in Australia". State Library of New South Wales. 10 May 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  45. ^ "Maefort Magyar Legiforgalmi Rt". Airline History. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  46. ^ Allaz, Camille (2004). The History of Air Cargo and Airmail from the 18th Century. CFP & TIACA. p. 139. ISBN 1902579828.
  47. ^ "100 Years of Mobility Airlift". Air Mobility Command. United States Air Force. Retrieved 28 December 2025.
  48. ^ "History". Finnair. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  49. ^ Flight International. April 28, 1938. p. 416 (Archive). " EURASIA AVIATION CORP., 97, Jinkee Road, Shanghai."
  50. ^ "Eurasia Aviation Corporation - A German-Chinese Airline in China and its Airmail 1931–1943 by Peter Moeller and Larry D. Sall, paperback in color, 2007, 153 pages, great book on the history of this airline, includes a listing of First Flight covers and catalog values." China Stamp Society. Retrieved on October 4, 2014.
  51. ^ Ballantine, Collin and Pamela Tang. "Chinese airlines: airline colours of China." Airlife, 1995. p. 6. Chinese Ministry of Communications which declared Eurasia to be a Chinese State-owned airline. The airline then fell into more trouble as a direct result of the continuing Japanese occupation. The fleet of airliners was based in Hong Kong[...]"
  52. ^ Ballantine, Collin and Pamela Tang. "Chinese airlines: airline colours of China." Airlife, 1995. p. 5. "The outcome of this venture was Eurasia Airlines, operating six- seater Junkers W33 airliners across Asia into China."
  53. ^ "First Airport, First Cargo: Skies Got Organised". Business History Conference. Business History Conference. Retrieved 12 December 2025.
  54. ^ "Ryan Airlines Corporation". The Museum of Flight Archives. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  55. ^ "A look back at the early evolution of Air Force Materiel Command". Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. United States Air Force. Retrieved 17 December 2025.
  56. ^ 1 May 1930 Timetable (Archive). KNILM. Retrieved on 22 August 2014. "Hoofdkantoor en agentschappen AMSTERDAM Hoofdkantoor, N. Spiegelstraat 5[...]BATAVIA Hoofdkantoor voor Indië, Sluisbrug[...]na 5 uur Mtg 671. Vliegveld Tjilitian"
  57. ^ "KNILM Timetable, 1931" (PDF). Timetable Images. Retrieved 3 December 2025.
  58. ^ "About Us – History". LOT Polish Airlines Cargo. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  59. ^ "About Us". Hawaiian Airlines. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  60. ^ "REA and Air Express Division", The World Almanac and Book of Facts, p.589. AbeBooks
  61. ^ "Our History". LATAM Airlines. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  62. ^ "A Look at the Roots of South Africa Airlines". Travel Radar. 9 January 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  63. ^ Andrews, C.F.; Morgan, E.B. (1988). Vickers Aircraft since 1908. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-85177-815-1.
  64. ^ Das Flugzeug im Zeppelin-Konzern und seinen Nachfolgebetrieben. Tübingen; Berlin: Ernst Wasmuth Verlag; Zeppelin Museum Friedrichshafen. 2006. ISBN 3-8030-3316-0.
  65. ^ "First Transatlantic air line". Popular Science. February 1933 – via books.google.com.
  66. ^ a b c d e f g h i "How Mail Made Commercial Aviation". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved 26 November 2025.
  67. ^ "Fairey Fox". Aeropedia. Retrieved 6 December 2025.
  68. ^ Phillips, Edward H. (1982). Travel Air: Wings Over the Prairie. Wind Canyon Books. ISBN 9780911139174.
  69. ^ Bissionette, Bruce (1999). The Wichita 4: Cessna, Moellendick, Beech and Stearman. Destin, FL: Aviation Heritage. ISBN 0-943691508.
  70. ^ "Cleared for Takeoff". Boeing. Retrieved 25 November 2025.
  71. ^ "Ryan M-1". The Museum of Flight. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  72. ^ "Plane Carries Mail In Wing To Increase Load"(photo of under wing cargo carriers). Popular Mechanics, February 1931.
  73. ^ "Western Australian Aviation History". Archived from the original on 20 July 2008.
  74. ^ Davies, R.E.G. (1998). Airlines of the United States since 1914. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 142. ISBN 1-888962-08-9.
  75. ^ "1927 Travel Air 4000". Kelch Aviation Museum. Retrieved 26 November 2025.
  76. ^ "Loening C-2 Air Yacht". Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A). Retrieved 26 November 2025.
  77. ^ Davies, R.E.G. (1998). Airlines of the United States since 1914. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 73–74. ISBN 1-888962-08-9.
  78. ^ Sikorsky, Igor (1952). The Story of the Winged-S. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. pp. 167, 180–186.
  79. ^ "Curtiss Robin". Fiddlers Green. Retrieved 7 December 2025.
  80. ^ Hormann, Jörg-Michael (2008-05-17). "Anfang vom Ende des ersten 'Jumbo'" (PDF). Starnberger Merkur (in German): 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-02. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
  81. ^ Dornier Museum, 45 seconds
  82. ^ "Aerial Lighthouses". Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  83. ^ "Airmail Beacon". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  84. ^ "1923: The Beginnings of Inflight Refueling". Air Force History. United States Air Force. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  85. ^ "What It Was". Flying the Beams. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.