(1,1'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride

[1,1'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) dichloride
Names
	IUPAC name Dichlorido[(ferrocene-1,1′-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphane-κP)]palladium
	Other names [1,1'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene-κ2P,P']dichloropalladium(II)
Identifiers
CAS Number	72287-26-4 ; 95464-05-4 complex with DCM ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	24602493 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.106.747
EC Number	615-748-9;
PubChem CID	71310626;
	InChI InChI=1S/2C17H14P.2ClH.Fe.Pd/c21-3-9-15(10-4-1)18(17-13-7-8-14-17)16-11-5-2-6-12-16;;;;/h21-14H;2*1H;;/q;;;;;+2/p-2 Key: JCWIWBWXCVGEAN-UHFFFAOYSA-L ;
	SMILES [CH-]1C=CC=C1P(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.[CH-]1C=CC=C1P(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.Cl[Pd]Cl.[Fe+2];
Properties
Chemical formula	C34H28Cl2FeP2Pd
Molar mass	731.71 g·mol−1
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

[1,1'‑Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) dichloride is a palladium complex containing the bidentate ligand 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf), abbreviated as [(dppf)PdCl₂]. This commercially available material can be prepared by reacting dppf with a suitable nitrile complex of palladium dichloride:^[1]

dppf + PdCl₂(RCN)₂ → (dppf)PdCl₂ + 2 RCN (RCN = CH₃CN or C₆H₅CN)

A mechanochemical approach for the synthesis of this compound has also recently been reported. The method involves the direct use of PdCl₂ with the exact amount of dppf, obtaining the final complex in 60 minutes.^[2]

The compound is popularly used for palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions,^[3]^[4] such as the Buchwald–Hartwig amination^[5] and the reductive homocoupling of aryl halides.^[6]

References

^ Nataro, Chip; Fosbenner, Stephanie M. (2009). "Synthesis and Characterization of Transition-Metal Complexes Containing 1,1'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene". J. Chem. Educ. 86 (12): 1412–1415. Bibcode:2009JChEd..86.1412N. doi:10.1021/ed086p1412.
^ L. Genesin; E. Aneggi; W. Baratta; T. Munir; F. Trigatti; D. Zuccaccia (2026). "Rapid, efficient and green solid-state mechanosynthesis of palladium complexes". RSC Mechanochemistry. 3 (1): 115–130. doi:10.1039/D5MR00107B. hdl:11390/1321444.
^ Gildner, Peter G.; Colacot, Thomas J. (2015). "Reactions of the 21st Century: Two Decades of Innovative Catalyst Design for Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings". Organometallics. 34 (23): 5497–5508. doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00567.
^ Li, Jie Jack; Limberakis, Chris; Pflum, Derek A. (2007). "Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation". Modern Organic Synthesis in the Laboratory: A Collection of Standard Experimental Procedures. Oxford University Press. pp. 111–. ISBN 9780198040637.
^ John P. Wolfe; Seble Wagaw; Stephen L. Buchwald (1996). "An Improved Catalyst System for Aromatic Carbon-Nitrogen Bond Formation: The Possible Involvement of Bis(Phosphine) Palladium Complexes as Key Intermediates". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (30): 7215–7216. doi:10.1021/ja9608306.
^ Zeng, Minfeng; Du, Yijun; Shao, Linjun; Qi, Chenze; Zhang, Xian-Man (2010). "Palladium-Catalyzed Reductive Homocoupling of Aromatic Halides and Oxidation of Alcohols". J. Org. Chem. 75 (8): 2556–2563. doi:10.1021/jo100089d. PMID 20302294.

[1] Nataro, Chip; Fosbenner, Stephanie M. (2009). "Synthesis and Characterization of Transition-Metal Complexes Containing 1,1'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene". J. Chem. Educ. 86 (12): 1412–1415. Bibcode:2009JChEd..86.1412N. doi:10.1021/ed086p1412.

[2] L. Genesin; E. Aneggi; W. Baratta; T. Munir; F. Trigatti; D. Zuccaccia (2026). "Rapid, efficient and green solid-state mechanosynthesis of palladium complexes". RSC Mechanochemistry. 3 (1): 115–130. doi:10.1039/D5MR00107B. hdl:11390/1321444.

[3] Gildner, Peter G.; Colacot, Thomas J. (2015). "Reactions of the 21st Century: Two Decades of Innovative Catalyst Design for Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings". Organometallics. 34 (23): 5497–5508. doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00567.

[4] Li, Jie Jack; Limberakis, Chris; Pflum, Derek A. (2007). "Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation". Modern Organic Synthesis in the Laboratory: A Collection of Standard Experimental Procedures. Oxford University Press. pp. 111–. ISBN 9780198040637.

[5] John P. Wolfe; Seble Wagaw; Stephen L. Buchwald (1996). "An Improved Catalyst System for Aromatic Carbon-Nitrogen Bond Formation: The Possible Involvement of Bis(Phosphine) Palladium Complexes as Key Intermediates". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (30): 7215–7216. doi:10.1021/ja9608306.

[6] Zeng, Minfeng; Du, Yijun; Shao, Linjun; Qi, Chenze; Zhang, Xian-Man (2010). "Palladium-Catalyzed Reductive Homocoupling of Aromatic Halides and Oxidation of Alcohols". J. Org. Chem. 75 (8): 2556–2563. doi:10.1021/jo100089d. PMID 20302294.

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