Status cribrosum
| Status cribrosum | |
|---|---|
| Other names | État criblé; cribriform state; "Swiss cheese striatum" |
| Specialty | Neurology; neuroradiology; neuropathology |
| Symptoms | Often none (incidental imaging finding) |
| Frequency | Reported in 1.3% of participants in one population-based cohort of elderly adults |
Status cribrosum (French: état criblé) is a term used in neuropathology and neuroimaging for diffuse widening of perivascular (Virchow–Robin) spaces, most often in the basal ganglia, producing a "sieve-like" (cribriform) appearance of the affected brain tissue.[1][2]
Appearance
In the brain, perivascular spaces are fluid-filled compartments that accompany small penetrating vessels as they course from the subarachnoid space into the brain parenchyma.[3][4] Dilated perivascular spaces most often occur in characteristic locations (for example, along the lenticulostriate arteries in the basal ganglia) and have signal characteristics identical to cerebrospinal fluid on routine MRI sequences.[4][5] When perivascular spaces are numerous and markedly enlarged in the basal ganglia, the resulting cribriform appearance is termed status cribrosum (état criblé).[2][6]
Status cribrosum is most often recognized on MRI. They are often seen along lenticulostriate vessels bilaterally and symmetrically, showing CSF-like signal without restricted diffusion.[4][6][7]
Epidemiology
MRI-visible perivascular spaces are common in older adults.[3] Status cribrosum represents an extreme pattern. In the population-based 3C-Dijon study of 1,826 elderly participants, status cribrosum was reported in 1.3% of participants.[2]
Clinical significance
Status cribrosum is frequently an incidental imaging finding and its direct clinical correlates remain uncertain.[8] When the cribriform appearance is especially prominent in the striatum on MRI, it has been called "Swiss cheese striatum".[8] Swiss cheese striatum was not found to be associated with parkinsonism or dementia, although the imaging pattern correlated with the degree of leukoaraiosis (white matter changes) on MRI.[8]
History
The French physician Durand-Fardel described a sieve-like appearance of brain tissue (état criblé) in the mid-19th century, a description now considered an early account of enlarged perivascular spaces in neuropathology.[6][7]
References
- ^ "Status cribrosum (Concept Id: C4293701)". MedGen. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
- ^ a b c Zhu, Y-C; Dufouil, C; Mazoyer, B; Soumaré, A; Ricolfi, F; Tzourio, C; Chabriat, H (2011). "Frequency and location of dilated Virchow-Robin spaces in elderly people: a population-based 3D MR imaging study". AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 32 (4): 709–713. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2366. PMC 7965873. PMID 21349956.
- ^ a b Wardlaw, Joanna M; Benveniste, Helene; Nedergaard, Maiken; Zlokovic, Berislav V; Mestre, Humberto; Lee, Hedok; Doubal, Fergus N; Black, Sandra E (2020). "Perivascular spaces in the brain: anatomy, physiology and pathology". Nature Reviews Neurology. 16 (3): 137–153. doi:10.1038/s41582-020-0312-z. PMID 32094487.
- ^ a b c Kwee, R M; Kwee, T C (2007). "Virchow-Robin spaces at MR imaging". Radiographics. 27 (4): 1071–1086. doi:10.1148/rg.274065722. PMID 17620468.
- ^ Groeschel, S; Chong, W K; Surtees, R; Hanefeld, F (2006). "Virchow-Robin spaces on magnetic resonance images: normative data, their dilatation, and a review of the literature". Neuroradiology. 48 (10): 745–754. doi:10.1007/s00234-006-0112-1. PMID 16896908.
- ^ a b c Parillo, Marco; Vaccarino, Federica; Di Gennaro, Gianfranco; Kumar, Sumeet; Van Goethem, Johan; Beomonte Zobel, Bruno (2024). "Overview of the Current Knowledge and Conventional MRI Characteristics of Peri- and Para-Vascular Spaces". Brain Sciences. 14 (2): 138. doi:10.3390/brainsci14020138. PMC 10886993.
- ^ a b Seehafer, S; Ritzenthaler, T; Kunert, P; Gawlitza, M (2024). "Perivascular spaces and where to find them – MR imaging characteristics and evaluation methods". Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen. 196: 1029–1036. doi:10.1055/a-2254-5651. PMID 38408476.
- ^ a b c Burnett, Melinda S; Witte, Robert J; Ahlskog, J Eric (2014). "Swiss cheese striatum: clinical implications". JAMA Neurology. 71 (6): 735–741. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.286. PMID 24733660.